Evidence and attribution of the enhanced land carbon sink

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 518 - 534

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 67 - 108

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these include the need better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; environmental signals interface endogenous signaling development (e.g. circadian clock flowering time); this integrated controls downstream responses stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently a site key transport events mechanosensing lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation extremes CO2 affects hydraulic architecture transpiration, well root shoot morphology, ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution crop resilience face changing increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration diversity within among species can help us know which represent fundamental limits ones be circumvented bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial resistance different contexts making connections between genes phenotypes, laboratory field observations, are overarching challenges.

Language: Английский

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China’s current forest age structure will lead to weakened carbon sinks in the near future

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 100515 - 100515

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

Forests are chiefly responsible for the terrestrial carbon sink that greatly reduces buildup of CO2 concentrations in atmosphere and alleviates climate change. Current predictions sinks future have so far ignored variation forest uptake with age. Here, we predict role China's current age capacity by generating a high-resolution (30 m) map 2019 over landmass using satellite inventory data deriving growth curves measurements biomass 3,121 plots. As forests currently large proportions young middle-age stands, project will maintain high rates about 15 years. However, as grow older, their net primary productivity decline 5.0% ± 1.4% 2050, 8.4% 1.6% 2060, 16.6% 2.8% 2100, indicating weakened near future. The weakening can be potentially mitigated optimizing structure through selective logging implementing new or improved afforestation. This finding is important not only global cycle projections but also developing management strategies to enhance land alleviating effect.

Language: Английский

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A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to rising CO2

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1376 - 1381

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Abstract Theory predicts that rising CO 2 increases global photosynthesis, a process known as fertilization, and this is responsible for much of the current terrestrial carbon sink. The estimated magnitude historic however, differs by an order between long-term proxies, remote sensing-based estimates biosphere models. Here we constrain likely effect on photosynthesis combining models, ecological optimality theory, sensing approaches emergent constraint based budget estimates. Our analysis suggests fertilization increased annual 13.5 ± 3.5% or 15.9 2.9 PgC (mean s.d.) 1981 2020. results help resolve conflicting sensitivity to highlight large impact anthropogenic emissions have had ecosystems worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Elevated CO2 levels promote both carbon and nitrogen cycling in global forests

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 511 - 517

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Climate change determines the sign of productivity trends in US forests

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(4)

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Forests are integral to the global land carbon sink, which has sequestered ~30% of anthropogenic emissions over recent decades. The persistence this sink depends on balance positive drivers that increase ecosystem storage-e.g., CO

Language: Английский

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Trends and Drivers of Terrestrial Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide: An Overview of the TRENDY Project

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, and there is recognized need for regularly updated estimates of land‐atmosphere exchange at regional scales. An international ensemble Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), known as “Trends drivers scale sources sinks dioxide” (TRENDY) project, quantifies land biophysical processes biogeochemistry cycles support annual Carbon Budget assessments REgional Cycle Assessment Processes, phase 2 project. DGVMs use common protocol set driving data sets. A factorial simulations allows attribution spatio‐temporal changes surface to three primary change drivers: atmospheric CO , climate variability, Land Use Cover Changes (LULCC). Here, we describe TRENDY benchmark DGVM performance using remote‐sensing other observational data, present results contemporary period. Simulation show large sink natural vegetation over 2012–2021, attributed fertilization effect (3.8 ± 0.8 PgC/yr) (−0.58 0.54 PgC/yr). Forests semi‐arid ecosystems contribute approximately equally mean trend sink, continue dominate interannual variability. offset by net emissions from LULCC (−1.6 0.5 PgC/yr), with 1.7 0.6 PgC/yr. Despite largest gross fluxes being tropics, simulated extratropical regions.

Language: Английский

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Recent gains in global terrestrial carbon stocks are mostly stored in nonliving pools

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6740), P. 1291 - 1295

Published: March 20, 2025

Terrestrial sequestration of carbon has mitigated ≈30% anthropogenic emissions. However, its distribution across different pools, live or dead biomass and soil sedimentary organic carbon, remains uncertain. Analyzing global observational datasets changes in terrestrial we found that ≈35 ± 14 gigatons (GtC) have been sequestered on land between 1992 2019, whereas changed by ≈1 7 GtC. Global vegetation models instead imply mostly biomass. We identify key processes not included most can explain this discrepancy. Most gains are as nonliving matter thus more persistent than previously appreciated, with a substantial fraction linked to human activities such river damming, wood harvest, garbage disposal landfills.

Language: Английский

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Increased risk of flash droughts with raised concurrent hot and dry extremes under global warming

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract Flash droughts pose large threats to crop yields and ecosystem services due their sudden onset rapid intensification, arousing wide public concern in a warming climate. Their long-term characteristics of change, underlying mechanisms, especially potential impacts on agriculture, forests, populations at global scale, however, remain largely unknown. We used situ observations, two observation-based reanalysis data sets, 22 Earth system models determine that flash are shifting toward more frequent, accelerated-onset, longer duration. These changes increased the exposure agricultural areas, forested by 20.3%, 17.1%, 30.0%, respectively, during 2001–2020 compared 1981–2000, with disproportionate increase integrated risks across Amazon Basin eastern southern Asia. The concurrent hot dry climatic conditions driven has been mostly responsible for enabling intensifying over regions. State-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, failed identify acceleration time widely underestimated occurrence only precipitation deficits or heat waves, probably because they misrepresent dependence between temperature underestimate sensitivity soil moisture short timescales (e.g., 5 days). syntheses comprehensively advance our understanding but also highlight CMIP6 need be validated represent correct covariability variables provide reliable projections droughts.

Language: Английский

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Response of macrophyte litter decomposition in global blue carbon ecosystems to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(13), P. 3806 - 3820

Published: March 22, 2023

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) are important nature-based solutions for climate change-mitigation. However, current debates question the reliability and contribution of BCEs under future climatic-scenarios. The answer to this depends on ecosystem processes driving carbon-sequestration -storage, such as primary production decomposition, their rates. We performed a global meta-analysis litter decomposition rate constants (k) in predicted changes release from 309 studies. relationships between k climatic factors were examined by extracting remote-sensing data air temperature, sea-surface precipitation aligning time each experiment. constructed numerical models forecast different scenarios. averages at 27 ± 3 × 10-2 day-1 macroalgae higher than seagrasses (1.7 0.2 ), mangroves (1.6 0.1 ) tidal marshes (5.9 0.5 10-3 ). Macrophyte increased with both temperature intertidal sea surface subtidal seagrasses. Above threshold vascular plant ~25°C ~20°C macroalgae, drastically increasing temperature. direct effect high temperatures obscured other field experiments compared laboratory experiments. defined "fundamental" "realized" response explain effect. Based realized response, we predict that proportions decomposed will increase 0.9%-5% 4.7%-28.8% 2100 low- (2°C) high-warming conditions (4°C) 2020, respectively. Net sinks due C 2020 RCP 8.5. highlight play an increasingly role Our findings can be leveraged blue accounting change

Language: Английский

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