Global Diversity in Mammalian Life Histories: Environmental Realms and Evolutionary Adaptations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Mammalian life history strategies can be characterized by a few axes of variation, which conform space where species are positioned according to favoured in the environment they exploit. Yet, we still lack global descriptions diversity realized mammalian and how this is shaped environment. We used six traits build explored major environmental realms (land, air, water) influence strategies. demonstrate that tightly linked distinct Predominantly, aquatic aerial adhere slower strategies, while terrestrial tend exhibit faster histories. Highly encephalized notable exception these patterns. In addition, transitioning between realms, such as seals, show intermediate Further, different mode-of-life may play significant role allowing expand set exploitable realm. Our results provide compelling evidence link among mammals. Statement authorship P.C.L., R.S-G., C.P.C. conceived core ideas behind paper, all authors provided fundamental inputs for its final development. E.B collected data performed literature search needed sort realms. E.B. analysed with from C.P.C., P.C.L, R.G-S. All contributed interpretation results. led writing manuscript was edited authors.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine flexibility can facilitate or constrain the ability to cope with global change.

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Global climate change has increased average environmental temperatures world-wide, simultaneously intensifying temperature variability and extremes. Growing numbers of studies have documented phenological, behavioral, morphological responses to in wild populations. As systemic signals, hormones can contribute orchestrating many these phenotypic changes. Yet little is known about whether mechanisms like hormonal flexibility (reversible changes hormone concentrations) facilitate or limit the ability individuals, populations, species cope with a changing climate. In this perspective, we discuss different by which flexibility, primarily glucocorticoids, could promote versus hinder evolutionary adaptation regimes. We focus on because it key gradient influenced change, easy quantify, links are well established. argue that reaction norm connect individual population-level species-wide patterns will be critical for making progress field. also develop case study urban heat islands, where several questions regarding addressed. Understanding allow animals when conditions become more challenging help predicting populations vulnerable ongoing change.

Language: Английский

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Seasonally migratory songbirds have different historic population size characteristics than resident relatives

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Modern genomic methods enable estimation of a lineage’s long-term effective population sizes back to its origins. This ability allows unprecedented opportunities determine how adoption major life-history trait affects lineages’ populations relative those without the trait. We used this novel approach study effects seasonal migration in evolutionary time. Seasonal is common strategy, but on lineages that don’t migrate are largely unknown. Using whole-genome data, we estimated over millions years closely related seasonally migratory and resident group songbirds. Our main predictions were borne out: associated with larger ( N e ), greater variation , degree initial growth than among lineages. Initial periods showed phylogenetic signal, their length (0.75-4.3 Myr) parallels expansion adaptation phases taxon cycles, framework lineage eventual contraction time encompassing biogeography ecology. Heterogeneity noteworthy, despite geographic proximity (including overlap) close relatedness. imbues these fundamentally different size attributes through compared

Language: Английский

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Worldwide diversity in mammalian life histories: Environmental realms and evolutionary adaptations

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Mammalian life history strategies can be characterised by a few axes of variation, conforming space where species are positioned based on the favoured in environment they exploit. Yet, we still lack global descriptions diversity realised mammalian and how this is shaped environment. We used six traits to build covering worldwide adaptation, explored environmental realms (land, air, water) influence strategies. demonstrate that tightly linked distinct Aquatic aerial predominantly adhere slower strategies, while terrestrial exhibit faster histories. Highly encephalised notable exception these patterns. Furthermore, show different mode may play significant role expanding set exploitable realm. Additionally, transitioning between aquatic realms, such as seals, intermediate Our results provide compelling evidence link mammals, highlighting importance differences expand diversity.

Language: Английский

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The Dual Lens of Diversity: Seasonal Variability of Avian Community Structure in Urban Hills

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03200 - e03200

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Large invasive herbaceous plants decrease the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of birds via their reproductive traits

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Abstract Birds are among the organisms most impacted by plant invasions, effects of which particularly conspicuous during breeding season. can incorrectly assess suitability large, invasive hogweeds Heracleum sp. in south‐eastern Poland when selecting nesting sites early spring developing invaders do not yet differ substantially form from rest vegetation. One would expect lower bird success areas with hogweeds. Furthermore, this may shift community composition towards species filtered traits, then be reflected various measures diversity. To these expectations, we conducted surveys at 74 sites, arranged as 37 pairs (with vs. control). The presence was associated taxonomic and phylogenetic Functional richness (calculated based on species' reproductive traits) also invaders. detected were characterised traits rapid breeding, for example, small clutches, short incubation periods fledging periods. We show that became less diverse composed random sharing similar traits. Bird communities low diversity tended to exhibit a common trait syndrome. These patterns provide insights into mechanisms how plants lead loss some communities. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Seasonally migratory songbirds have different historic population size characteristics than resident relatives

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 5, 2023

Abstract Modern genomic methods enable estimation of a lineage’s long-term effective population sizes back to its origins. This ability allows unprecedented opportunities determine how adoption major life-history trait affects lineages’ populations relative those without the trait. We used this novel approach study effects seasonal migration across evolutionary time. Seasonal is common strategy, but on lineages that don’t migrate are largely unknown. Using whole-genome data, we estimated over millions years in closely related seasonally migratory and resident group songbirds. Our main predictions were borne out: associated with larger ( N e ), greater variation , degree initial growth than among lineages. Initial periods remarkably long (0.63-4.29 Myr), paralleling expansion adaptation phases taxon cycles, framework lineage eventual contraction time encompassing biogeography ecology. Heterogeneity noteworthy, despite geographic proximity (including overlap) close relatedness. imbues these fundamentally different size attributes through compared

Language: Английский

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Avian Taxonomic and Functional Diversity in Contrasting Habitats: A Comparative Study of Urban and Remote Forests in Arusha, Tanzania

East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 340 - 349

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Urbanisation globally transforms landscapes, impacting biodiversity significantly. In Arusha, Tanzania, rapid urban expansion accentuates the interplay between urbanisation and avian biodiversity. This study investigates urbanisation's influence on communities in two contrasting forested habitats: "Themi River Forest" remote "Lake Duluti Forest." We explore taxonomic functional diversity, elucidating underlying mechanisms. Taxonomic diversity analysis reveals with slightly higher species richness a more even distribution, reflecting influence. aligns global trends indicating reduced due to habitat fragmentation. The forest, however, demonstrates adaptability urbanised landscapes. Functional uncovers greater richness, wider array of ecological roles. contrast, maintains comparable evenness, suggesting balance despite urbanisation. Both forests exhibit distinct niches, highlighting community flexibility. These findings hold significance for conservation planning Arusha similar urbanising regions. Higher underscores importance. forest showcases adaptability, emphasising green spaces planning. Long-term should protect both forests, integrating strategies preservation connectivity. advances understanding urbanisation, type, biodiversity's intricate relationship, offering insights effective evolving landscapes

Language: Английский

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Seasonally migratory songbirds have different historic population size characteristics than resident relatives

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Modern genomic methods enable estimation of a lineage’s long-term effective population sizes back to its origins. This ability allows unprecedented opportunities determine how adoption major life-history trait affects lineages’ populations relative those without the trait. We used this novel approach study effects seasonal migration across evolutionary time. Seasonal is common strategy, but on lineages that don’t migrate are largely unknown. Using whole-genome data, we estimated over millions years in closely related seasonally migratory and resident group songbirds. Our main predictions were borne out: associated with larger ( N e ), greater variation , degree initial growth than among lineages. Initial periods remarkably long (0.63-4.29 Myr), paralleling expansion adaptation phases taxon cycles, framework lineage eventual contraction time encompassing biogeography ecology. Heterogeneity noteworthy, despite geographic proximity (including overlap) close relatedness. imbues these fundamentally different size attributes through compared

Language: Английский

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L’eau liquide, molécule-clé pour le vivant

Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: N° 112(4), P. 83 - 87

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

L’eau est réellement la molécule clé pour le vivant ; tous les êtres vivants en sont constitués de quelques pourcents une graine à plus 98 % méduse ! C’est parce que conditions étaient réunies sur Terre conserver liquide vie a pu s’y développer. Sous forme glace aux pôles et altitude, vapeur d’eau au-dessus l’océan des rivières lacs continents, cette eau solvant universel. Cette dissout sels qui, sous formes d’électrolytes, développent pression osmotique (mOsm.l -1 ) l’ensemble joue un rôle déterminant dans régulation l’équilibre hydrominéral vivants. Les perturbations climatiques actuelles (dont température précipitations) créent complexes qui obligent biodiversité activités humaines répondre temps court. Et s’adapter, toujours su faire, il faut du surtout accepter changer constamment, ce l’humanité bien mal faire

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