Coral reefs in peril in a record-breaking year

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6676), P. 1238 - 1240

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Climate change and its impacts on coral reefs have reached unchartered territory.

Language: Английский

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Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review

Earth System Dynamics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 41 - 74

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Abstract. Climate tipping elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical thresholds (tipping points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on biosphere and human societies. Frequently studied examples such include Greenland Ice Sheet, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), permafrost, monsoon systems, Amazon rainforest. While recent scientific efforts have improved our knowledge about individual elements, interactions between them less well understood. Also, potential events to induce additional elsewhere or stabilize other is largely unknown. Here, we map out current state literature climate review influences them. To do so, gathered evidence from model simulations, observations, conceptual understanding, as paleoclimate reconstructions where multi-component spatially propagating transitions were potentially at play. uncertainties large, find indications many destabilizing. Therefore, conclude should not only be in isolation, but also more emphasis has put interactions. This means cascades cannot ruled centennial millennial timescales warming levels 1.5 2.0 ∘C shorter if surpassed ∘C. At these higher then fast AMOC address crucial gaps element interactions, propose four strategies combining observation-based approaches, system modeling expertise, computational advances, expert knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Integrating cryptic diversity into coral evolution, symbiosis and conservation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 622 - 636

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves threaten cryptic coral diversity and erode associations among coevolving partners

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(32)

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Climate change–amplified marine heatwaves can drive extensive mortality in foundation species. However, a paucity of longitudinal genomic datasets has impeded understanding how these rapid selection events alter cryptic genetic structure. Heatwave impacts may be exacerbated species that engage obligate symbioses, where the genetics multiple coevolving taxa affected. Here, we tracked symbiotic associations reef-building corals for 6 years through prolonged heatwave, including known survivorship 79 315 colonies. Coral strongly predicted survival ubiquitous coral, Porites (massive growth form), with variable (15 to 61%) across three morphologically indistinguishable—but genetically distinct—lineages. The heatwave also disrupted strong between coral lineages and their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae), turnover some colonies, resulting reduced specificity lineages. These results highlight threaten genotypes decouple otherwise tightly coevolved relationships hosts symbionts.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome Stability Is Linked to Acropora Coral Thermotolerance in Northwestern Philippines

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Corals associate with a diverse community of prokaryotic symbionts that provide nutrition, antioxidants and other protective compounds to their host. However, the influence microbes on coral thermotolerance remains understudied. Here, we examined microbial communities associated colonies Acropora cf. tenuis exhibit high or low upon exposure 33°C (heated) relative 29°C (control). Using 16S rRNA sequencing, show structure all A. was similar each at control temperature. Thermotolerant colonies, however, had relatively greater abundance Endozoicomonas, Arcobacter, Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus. At elevated temperature, only thermosensitive showed distinct shift in microbiome, an increase Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacteraceae Vibrio, accompanying marked bleaching response. Functional prediction indicated thermotolerant corals were enriched for genes related metabolism, while microbiomes cell motility antibiotic compound synthesis. These differences may contribute variable performance under thermal stress. Identification taxa correlated provides insights into beneficial bacterial groups could be used microbiome engineering support reef health changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: A review

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract. Climate tipping elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical thresholds (tipping points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on biosphere and human societies. Frequently studied examples such include Greenland Ice Sheet, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, permafrost, monsoon systems, Amazon rainforest. While recent scientific efforts have improved our knowledge about individual elements, interactions between them less well understood. Also, potential events to induce additional elsewhere, or stabilize other is largely unknown. Here, we map out current state literature climate review influences them. To do so, gathered evidence from model simulations, observations conceptual understanding, as archetypal paleoclimate reconstructions where multi-component spatially propagating transitions were potentially at play. Lastly, identify crucial gaps in element outline how future research could address those gaps.

Language: Английский

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Management approaches to conserve Australia’s marine ecosystem under climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6658), P. 631 - 636

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Australia's coastal marine ecosystems have a deep cultural significance to Indigenous Australians, include multiple World Heritage sites, and support the nation's rapidly growing blue economy. Yet, increasing local pressures global climate change are expected undermine biological, social, cultural, economic value of these within human generation. Mitigating causes is most urgent action secure their future; however, conventional new management actions will play roles in preserving ecosystem function until that achieved. This includes strategies codeveloped with Australians guided by traditional ecological knowledge modeling decision framework. We provide examples developments at one iconic ecosystems, Great Barrier Reef, where recent, large block funding supports research, governance, engagement accelerate development tools for under change.

Language: Английский

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High physiological function for corals with thermally tolerant, host-adapted symbionts

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2003)

Published: July 19, 2023

The flexibility to associate with more than one symbiont may considerably expand a host's niche breadth. Coral animals and dinoflagellate micro-algae represent of the most functionally integrated widespread mutualisms between two eukaryotic partners. Symbiont identity greatly affects coral's ability cope extremes in temperature light. Over its broad distribution across Eastern Pacific, ecologically dominant branching coral, Pocillopora grandis , depends on dinoflagellates Durusdinium glynnii Cladocopium latusorum . Measurements skeletal growth, calcification rates, total mass increase, calyx dimensions, reproductive output response thermal stress were used assess functional performance these partner combinations. results show both host–symbiont combinations displayed similar phenotypes; however, significant differences emerged when exposed increased temperatures. Negligible physiological colonies hosting thermally tolerant D. refute prevailing view that have considerable growth tradeoffs. Well beyond pocilloporid are found Pacific warm, environmentally variable, near shore lagoonal habitats. While rising ocean temperatures threaten persistence contemporary coral reefs, lessons from indicate co-evolved likely spread geographically dominate reef ecosystems future.

Language: Английский

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The use of experimentally evolved coral photosymbionts for reef restoration

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Thermotolerant coral–algal mutualisms maintain high rates of nutrient transfer while exposed to heat stress

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2007)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Symbiotic mutualisms are essential to ecosystems and numerous species across the tree of life. For reef-building corals, benefits their association with endosymbiotic dinoflagellates differ within taxa, nutrient exchange between these partners is influenced by environmental conditions. Furthermore, it widely assumed that corals associated symbionts in genus Durusdinium tolerate high thermal stress at expense lower support coral growth. We traced both inorganic carbon (H13CO3-) nitrate (15NO3-) uptake divergent symbiont quantified transfer host under normal temperatures as well colonies exposed stress. Colonies representative diverse taxa trenchii or Cladocopium spp. exhibited similar ambient By contrast, heat-exposed D. experienced less physiological than conspecifics while assimilation was maintained. This discovery differs from prevailing notion inevitably suffer trade-offs performance. These findings emphasize many host-symbiont combinations adapted high-temperature equatorial environments high-functioning mutualisms; why increased prevalence likely be important future productivity stability reef ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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