Even cooler insights: On the power of forests to (water the Earth and) cool the planet

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Scientific innovation is overturning conventional paradigms of forest, water, and energy cycle interactions. This has implications for our understanding the principal causal pathways by which tree, vegetation cover (TFVC) influence local global warming/cooling. Many identify surface albedo carbon sequestration as TFVC affects Moving toward outer latitudes, in particular, where snow more important, effects are perceived to overpower sequestration. By raising albedo, deforestation thus predicted lead cooling, while increasing forest assumed result warming. Observational data, however, generally support opposite conclusion, suggesting poorly understood. Most accept that temperatures influenced interplay incoming shortwave (SW) radiation, partitioning remaining, post-albedo, SW radiation into latent sensible heat. However, extent avoidance heat formation first foremost mediated presence (absence) water not well both mediates availability on land drives potential production (evapotranspiration, ET). While directly linked than cooling/warming, it driven photosynthesis powers additional cloud top-of-cloud reflectivity, drive cooling. loss reduces storage, precipitation recycling, downwind rainfall potential, driving reduction ET (latent heat) formation. reducing heat, formation, precipitation, warming (sensible formation), further diminishes growth (carbon sequestration). Large-scale tree restoration could, therefore, contribute significantly temperature cooling through

Language: Английский

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Fingerprinting the recovery of Antarctic ozone

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Confronting Earth System Model trends with observations

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(11)

Published: March 12, 2025

Anthropogenically forced climate change signals are emerging from the noise of internal variability in observations, and impacts on society growing. For decades, Climate or Earth System Models have been predicting how these will unfold. While challenges remain, given growing trends lengthening observational record, science community is now a position to confront signals, as represented by historical trends, models with observations. This review covers state ability represent system. It also outlines robust procedures that should be used when comparing modeled observed move beyond quantification into understanding. Finally, this discusses cutting-edge methods for identifying sources discrepancies importance future confrontations.

Language: Английский

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The emerging human influence on the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 364 - 372

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Prolegomenon

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Geoengineering encompasses many potential actions that set out to deliberately lower the aggregate temperature of Earth's atmosphere. Such typically look enhance albedo, thereby causing a greater fraction sunlight, over and above at present time, be reflected back into space. Other seek limit solar insolation by directly blocking or increasing cloud cover. This introduction seeks examine not only how but why geoengineering might deployed, position it as necessary part future efforts directed towards combating global warming. A review is made various methodologies protocols for development deployment actions.

Language: Английский

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Potential of Using Physics with Artificial Intelligence: Physics-Infused Machine Learning and Neural Networks for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Hydro-climatic Events

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere

AGU Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions significantly impact the middle and upper atmosphere. They cause cooling thermal shrinking affect atmospheric structure. Atmospheric contraction results in changes key features, such as stratopause height or peak ionospheric electron density, also reduced thermosphere density. These can impact, among others, lifespan of objects low Earth orbit, refraction radio communication GPS signals, altitudes meteoroids entering Earth's Given this, there is a critical need for observational capabilities to monitor Equally important commitment maintaining improving long‐term, homogeneous data collection. However, observe atmosphere are decreasing rather than improving.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere From the Early Twentieth Century to Early Twenty‐First Century Simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(3)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Motivated by numerous lower atmosphere climate model hindcast simulations, we performed simulations of the Earth's from surface up through thermosphere‐ionosphere to reveal for first time century scale changes in upper 1920s 2010s using Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended (WACCM‐X v. 2.1). We impose solar minimum conditions get a clear indication effects long‐term forcing greenhouse gas increases and magnetic field avoid requirement careful removal 11‐year cycle as some previous studies observations models. These have shown but what has been missing is evolution with actual throughout last century, including period less than 5% increase prior space age transition over 25% latter half 20th century. Neutral temperature, density, ionosphere are close those reported studies. Also, find high correlation between continuous carbon dioxide rate change this past that temperature thermosphere ionosphere, attributed shorter adjustment relative longer atmosphere. Consequently, WACCM‐X future scenario projections can provide valuable insight entire mitigation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the Advective Brewer‐Dobson Circulation Change

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(12)

Published: June 18, 2024

Abstract Climate models robustly project acceleration of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) in response to climate change. However, BDC trends simulated by comprehensive are poorly constrained observations, which cannot even determine sign potential trends. Additionally, changing structure troposphere and stratosphere has received increasing attention recent years. The extent vertical shifts driving is under debate. In this study, we present a novel method that enables attribution advective changes structural itself. Using allows studying unprecedented detail sheds new light into discrepancies between different data sets (reanalyses models) at tropopause lower stratosphere. Our findings provide insights reliability model projections offer possibilities for observational constraints.

Language: Английский

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Exploiting a variational auto-encoder to represent the evolution of sudden stratospheric warmings

Environmental Research Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 025006 - 025006

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are the most dramatic events in wintertime stratosphere. Such extreme characterized by substantial disruption to polar vortex, which can be categorized into displacement and splitting types depending on morphology of disrupted vortex. Moreover, SSWs usually followed anomalous tropospheric circulation regimes that important for subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. Thus, monitoring genesis evolution is crucial deserves further advancement. Despite several analysis methods have been used study SSWs, ability deep learning has not yet explored, mainly due relative scarcity observed events. To overcome limited observational sample size, we use data from historical simulations Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 identify thousands simulated their spatial patterns train model. We utilize a convolutional neural network combined with variational auto-encoder (VAE)—a generative model—to construct phase diagram characterizes SSW evolution. This approach only allows us create latent space encapsulates essential features vortex structure during but also offers new insights its spatiotemporal mapping onto diagram. The constructed depicts continuous transition pattern SSWs. Notably, it provides perspective discussing evolutionary paths SSWs: VAE gives better-reconstructed more clearly organized both displacement-type split-type than those obtained principal component analysis. Our results provide an innovative portray particularly better characterized. findings support future techniques underlying dynamics phenomena, establish benchmark evaluate model performance simulating

Language: Английский

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