Effects of climate and environmental heterogeneity on the phylogenetic structure of regional angiosperm floras worldwide

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract The tendency of species to retain ancestral ecological distributions (phylogenetic niche conservatism) is thought influence which from a pool can persist in particular environment. Thus, investigating the relationships between measures phylogenetic structure and environmental variables at global scale help understand variation richness biological assemblages across world. Here, we analyze comprehensive data set including 341,846 391 angiosperm floras worldwide explore for angiosperms regional world each individual continental (biogeographic) regions. We find that shows clear meaningful with factors. Current climatic have highest predictive power, especially on metrics reflecting recent evolutionary are also related current heterogeneity, presumably because this favors plant speciation various ways. evidence past conditions, particularly refugial play an important role determining floras. conditions differ continents, different histories their

Language: Английский

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Islands are key for protecting the world’s plant endemism

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8035), P. 868 - 874

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 241 - 279

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination literature sources, herbarium collections, databases and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered to constituting 7.97% the total plant diversity country. These taxa, originating from 139 genera 34 families, predominantly thrive southern regions specifically mountain ridges Kazakh part Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) Trans-Ili Kungey (50 taxa). Notably, 107 species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, cycle, conservation status geographical distribution across floristic was meticulously for each taxon. Of six groups forms, herbs include highest (367 followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 shrubs (23 subshrubs (20 undershrubs (13 trees (3 The observed cycles perennials (408 annuals (33 biennials (10 This paper serves as fundamental groundwork prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes hotspots endemism throughout crucial determining plants.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and land use threaten global hotspots of phylogenetic endemism for trees

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Across the globe, tree species are under high anthropogenic pressure. Risks of extinction notably more severe for with restricted ranges and distinct evolutionary histories. Here, we use a global dataset covering 41,835 (65.1% known species) to assess spatial pattern species' phylogenetic endemism, its macroecological drivers, how future pressures may affect conservation status identified hotspots. We found that low-to-mid latitudes host most endemism hotspots, current climate being strongest driver, climatic stability across thousands millions years back in time as major co-determinant. These hotspots mostly located outside protected areas face relatively land-use change Our study highlights risk from diversity necessity strengthen restoration actions trees avoid losses diversity.

Language: Английский

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GIFT—An R package to access the Global Inventory of Floras and Traits

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 2738 - 2748

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Abstract Advancing knowledge of biodiversity requires global open‐access databases. Having large‐scale information on plant distributions, functional traits and evolutionary history will enable the scientific community to improve its understanding patterns drivers diversity a scale. The Global Inventory Floras Traits (GIFT) is database regional checklists that has proven successful in documenting biogeographical plants. Since release first version GIFT, kept expanding. We introduce GIFT 3.0, which contains 5169 referring 3400 regions worldwide. These include total 371,148 land species, mostly vascular plants, 354,848 have accepted species names, species‐level data for 109 traits. This new relies resources taxonomic name standardization, matched phylogeny, comes with trait aggregation workflow includes additional environmental variables. also present R ‐package, all necessary functions retrieve distributional, functional, phylogenetic, from database. package dedicated website, https://biogeomacro.github.io/GIFT/ , three vignettes guide users retrieving GIFT. recent development associated ‐package provide ecologists access one largest foster research into their underlying mechanisms. ability cite any previous current instance ensure reproducibility studies utilise it.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Vulnerability of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Climate and Land-Use Changes in a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot

Land, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 133 - 133

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) play a critical role in providing ecosystem services through their provision of herbal remedies, food natural skin care products, integration into local economies, maintaining pollinators’ diversity populations functioning. Mountainous regions, such as Chelmos-Vouraikos National Park (CVNP), represent unique reservoirs endemic MAP that require conservation prioritisation. This study aims to provide insights the sustainable management MAPs, contributing efforts protect Mediterranean biodiversity amid dual challenges climate land-use change, using suite macroecological modelling techniques. Following Species Distribution Modelling framework, we investigated vulnerability non-endemic MAPs changes. We examined potential shifts diversity, distribution, hotspots within CVNP. Our results revealed species-specific responses, with taxa facing severe range contractions initially expanding but eventually declining, particularly under change scenarios. Local are projected shift altitudinally, considerable area losses coming decades elevated species turnover predicted throughout CVNP, leading biotic homogenization. Climate changes jointly threaten calling for adaptive strategies, thus highlighting importance proactive measures, awareness raising, establishing plant micro-reserves, assisted translocation, promoting harvesting these offers vital managing global pressures, stressing need integrate ecological socioeconomic factors.

Language: Английский

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Spatial heterogeneity of neo- and paleo-endemism for plants in Madagascar

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 1271 - 1283.e4

Published: March 1, 2024

Madagascar is a biogeographically unique island with remarkably high level of endemism. However, endemic taxa in are massively threatened due to unprecedented pressures from anthropogenic habitat modification and climate change. A comprehensive phylogeny-based biodiversity evaluation the remains lacking. Here, we identify hotspots taxonomic phylogenetic plant diversity neo- paleo-endemism by generating novel dated tree life for island. The based on sampling 3,950 species (33% total known species) 1,621 genera (93% 69% genera) Malagasy vascular plants. We find that island-endemic concentrated multiple lineages combining diversity. Integrating geographic distribution data, our results reveal taxon richness endemism northern, eastern, southeastern humid forests. Paleo-endemism centers eastern central regions, whereas neo-endemism dry spiny forests western southern Madagascar. Our statistical analysis each vegetation region supports higher proportion ancient east but recent south west. Overlaying protected areas, conservation gaps These should be incorporated into strategies aid protection facets their benefits people.

Language: Английский

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Diversification of flowering plants in space and time

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

The rapid diversification and high species richness of flowering plants is regarded as 'Darwin's second abominable mystery'. Today the global spatiotemporal pattern plant remains elusive. Using a newly generated genus-level phylogeny distribution data for 14,244 genera, we describe dynamics angiosperms through space time. Our analyses show that rates increased throughout early Cretaceous then slightly decreased or remained mostly stable until end Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago. After that, again towards present. Younger genera with dominate temperate dryland regions, whereas old low tropics. This leads to negative correlation between spatial patterns genus diversity. findings suggest changes since Cenozoic shaped diversity support an emerging consensus are higher outside

Language: Английский

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Biocultural diversity and crop improvement

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 151 - 196

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Biocultural diversity is the ever-evolving and irreplaceable sum total of all living organisms inhabiting Earth. It plays a significant role in sustainable productivity ecosystem services that benefit humanity closely allied with human cultural diversity. Despite its essentiality, biodiversity seriously threatened by insatiable inequitable exploitation Earth's resources. One benefits utilization crop improvement, including cropping improvement (agronomic cultivation practices) genetic (plant breeding). Crop has tended to decrease agricultural since origins agriculture, but awareness this situation can reverse negative trend. Cropping strive use more diverse cultivars broader complement crops on farms landscapes. also focus underutilized crops, legumes. Genetic access range sources and, assistance modern breeding tools like genomics, facilitate introduction additional characteristics improve yield, mitigate environmental stresses, restore, at least partially, lost biodiversity. The current legal framework covering includes national intellectual property international treaty instruments, which have limit innovation A global system sharing, encompassing digital sequence information, would remains an elusive goal. Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework sets forth ambitious set targets goals be accomplished 2030 2050, respectively, protect restore biocultural diversity, agrobiodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Island biogeography of the megadiverse plant family Asteraceae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The megadiverse plant family Asteraceae forms an iconic component of island floras including many spectacular radiations, but a global picture its insular diversity is lacking. Here, we uncover the biogeographical and evolutionary patterns on islands to reveal magnitude potential causes their success. We compile checklist species native endemic combine it with macroecological analyses phylogenetic review radiations. have distribution islands, comprising approximately 6,000 species, 58% endemics. While lower than expected given overall diversity, are most diverse oceanic suggesting exceptional ability thrive in isolation. In agreement biogeography predictions, increases area decreases isolation, while endemism both. identify 39 confirmed radiations 69 putative exceeding numbers for other groups. Our results offer immense research ecology evolution, close tracking expectations, large number both cosmopolitan distribution, numerous undiscovered largest family, Asteraceae, floras. authors conduct review, showing that truly islands.

Language: Английский

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