Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)
Published: March 25, 2025
Language: Английский
Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 2123 - 2137
Published: May 15, 2024
Abstract. Global responses of the hydrological cycle to climate change have been widely studied, but uncertainties still remain regarding water vapor lower-tropospheric temperature. Here, we investigate trends in global total precipitable (TPW) and surface temperature from 1958 2021 using ERA5 JRA-55 reanalysis datasets. We further validate these radiosonde 1979 2019 Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations 2003 2021. Our results indicate a increase ∼ 2 % per decade 1993–2021. These variations TPW reflect interactions warming feedback mechanisms across different spatial scales. also revealed significant near-surface (T2 m) trend 0.15 K decade−1 over period 1958–2021. The consistent at rate 0.21 after 1993 corresponds strong response 9.5 K−1 globally, with land areas approximately twice as fast oceans. relationship between T2 m showed variation around 6 K−1–8 15–55° N latitude band, aligning theoretical estimates Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(6)
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract The accurate partitioning of precipitation is important for snowpack and streamflow simulations in mountainous regions. However, most hydrologic models employ a method based on near‐surface air temperature ( T ) the sensitivity to selection (PPM) under climate change has been underexplored. To address this, we compared using two PPMs, conventional ‐based scheme wet‐bulb w )‐based approach (TA TW) with Variable Infiltration Capacity model. Our study focused Colorado River Basin (CRB) which vulnerable future snowfall reductions due warming. Historical demonstrated improved performance TW simulating fraction SF snow water equivalent SWE relation situ observations gridded product. Subsequently, evaluated influence PPM projections from eight emissions scenarios. ensemble median results revealed more substantial decline annual as TA (−12% vs. −9%) historical (1976–2005) far (2066–2095) period, especially at lower elevations. Hydrologic showed that underestimated Q warming scheme. This finding implications CRB other basins where can shift conditions rainfall.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(13)
Published: July 1, 2024
ABSTRACT As the world warms, it will be tempting to relate biological responses of terrestrial animals air temperature. But temperature typically plays a lesser role in heat exchange those than does radiant heat. Under load, can gain even when body surface exceeds However, buffer impacts exposure: burrows and other refuges may block solar fully, but trees agricultural shelters provide only partial relief. For that do so effectively, evaporative cooling used dissipate Evaporative is dependent directly on water vapour pressure difference between immediate surroundings, indirectly relative humidity. High humidity at high implies pressure, evaporation into with 100% not impossible. Evaporation enhanced by wind, wind speed reported meteorological services experienced animals; instead, temperature, radiation animal's microclimate. In this Commentary, we discuss how microclimate should quantified ensure accurate assessment an thermal environment. We propose metric dry load which related black-globe measured or near animal, Finally, analysing responses,
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 104040 - 104040
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Abstract The impact of soil moisture (SM) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on gross primary productivity (GPP) variability in ecosystems is a topic significant interest. Previous studies have predominantly focused real-time associations between SM, VPD, carbon uptake, attributing SM as the principal driver GPP due to its direct indirect effects through VPD. Using an information theory-based process network approach, we discovered that influence past mediated emerges across tropical regions. VPD conditions directly also affect alongside GPP, which subsequently impacts variability. Examining land-atmosphere feedback using theory reveals but not reverse. These causal structures explain consistent decline with increasing trends observed regions, are trends. Our findings emphasize importance considering by when analyzing complex land-vegetation-atmosphere interactions.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(45)
Published: Nov. 6, 2024
Historically, meteorological drought in the western United States (WUS) has been driven primarily by precipitation deficits. However, our observational analysis shows that, since around 2000, rising surface temperature and resulting high evaporative demand have contributed more to severity (62%) coverage (66%) over WUS than deficit. This increase during droughts, mostly attributable anthropogenic warming according analyses of both observations climate model simulations, is main cause increased coverage. The unprecedented 2020–2022 exemplifies this shift drivers, with accounting for 61% its severity, compared 39% from Climate simulations corroborate project under fossil-fueled development scenario (SSP5-8.5), droughts like event will transition a one-in-more-than-a-thousand-year pre-2022 period 1-in-60-year mid-21st century 1-in-6-year late-21st century.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
International Journal of Climatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(11), P. 3792 - 3820
Published: July 5, 2024
Abstract Change over recent decades in the world's five Mediterranean Climate Regions (MCRs) of quantities relevance to water resources, ecosystems and fire are examined for all seasons placed context changes large‐scale circulation. Near‐term future projections also presented. It is concluded that, based upon agreement between observational data sets modelling frameworks, there strong evidence radiatively‐driven drying Chilean MCR southwest Australia winter. Observed trends California fall, southern Africa Pacific Northwest summer agree with radiatively‐forced models but not reproduced a model that includes historical sea surface temperature (SST) forcing, raising doubt about human‐origin these trends. winter stronger than can be accounted by radiative forcing alone outside range SST‐forced ensemble. shown near vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increasing almost everywhere surprisingly, this contributed Southern Hemisphere subtropics mid‐latitudes decline low‐level specific humidity. The drying, terms precipitation humidity, related poleward shift strengthening westerlies eddy‐driven subsidence on equatorward side. Model indicate continued MCRs spring, despite ozone recovery year‐round Mediterranean. Projections North American uncertain, large contribution from internal variability, exception summer. Overall results aridification other America important implications agriculture ecosystems.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. e0000466 - e0000466
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
A growing number of scientists are expressing concerns about the inadequacy climate change policies. Fewer questionning dominant modelling paradigm and IPCC’s success to prevent humanity from venturing unprepared into hitherto unknown territories. However, in view an urgent need provide readily available data on constraining uncertainty local regional impacts next few years, there is a debate most suitable path inform both mitigation adaptation strategies. Examples given how common statistical methods emerging technologies can be used exploit wealth existing knowledge drive policy. Parsimonious equitable approaches promoted that combine various lines evidence, including model diversity, large ensembles, storylines, novel applied well-calibrated, global regional, Earth System simulations, deliver more reliable information. As examplified by Paris agreement desirable warming targets, it argued display unrealistic ambitions may not best way for modellers accomplish their long-term objectives, especially consensus emergency allocated short time delivered applied.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
National Science Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0