Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 9 - 11
Published: Nov. 27, 2024
Why is it that the X chromosome comes from male parent inactivated in female marsupials, mice, and even mealy bugs, or whole paternal complement some weird flies? A new paper by Milton et al. now reveals DNA methylation patterns established germline before meiosis wallabies may constitute elusive imprint.
Language: Английский
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(32)
Published: July 29, 2024
Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance between sexes and with autosomes. A need for compensation has long been thought to be critical in vertebrates. However, this was questioned by findings unequal mRNA abundance measurements monotreme mammals birds. Here, we demonstrate unbalanced levels X genes platypus males females a correlation differential loading histone modifications. We also observed transcripts Z chicken. Surprisingly, however, found that protein ratios were 1:1 the both species, indicating post-transcriptional layer compensation. conclude chromosome output is maintained chicken (and perhaps many other non therian vertebrates) via combination transcriptional control, consistent importance
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 151(15)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Changes in gene dosage can have tremendous evolutionary potential (e.g. whole-genome duplications), but without compensatory mechanisms, they also lead to dysregulation and pathologies. Sex chromosomes are a paradigmatic example of naturally occurring differences their compensation. In species with chromosome-based sex determination, individuals within the same population necessarily show 'natural' for chromosomes. this Review, we focus on mammalian X chromosome discuss recent new insights into dosage-compensation mechanisms that evolved along emergence chromosomes, namely X-inactivation X-upregulation. We evolution genetic loci molecular players involved, as well regulatory diversity potentially different requirements compensation across species.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Aug. 20, 2024
Abstract Sex-chromosome dosage represents a challenge for heterogametic species to maintain correct proportion of gene products across chromosomes in each sex. While therian mammals (XX/XY system) achieve near-perfect balance X-chromosome mRNAs through X-upregulation and X-inactivation, birds (ZW/ZZ have been found lack efficient compensation at RNA level, challenging the necessity resolving major gene-dosage discrepancies avian cells. Through allele-resolved multiome analyses, we comprehensively examined female (ZW), male (ZZ), rare intersex (ZZW) chicken. Remarkably, this revealed that females exhibit upregulation their single Z increased transcriptional burst frequency similar mammalian X-upregulation, Z-protein levels are further balanced via enhanced translation efficiency females. Global analyses kinetics elements demonstrate remarkable conservation genomic encoding between birds. Our study uncovers new mechanisms achieving sex-chromosome highlights importance diverse species.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 9 - 11
Published: Nov. 27, 2024
Why is it that the X chromosome comes from male parent inactivated in female marsupials, mice, and even mealy bugs, or whole paternal complement some weird flies? A new paper by Milton et al. now reveals DNA methylation patterns established germline before meiosis wallabies may constitute elusive imprint.
Language: Английский
Citations
0