Microphysiological systems to advance human pathophysiology and translational medicine

Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(5), P. 1494 - 1501

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Microphysiological systems (MPS) or "organ-on-a-chip" models are sophisticated tools that harness techniques from cell biology, tissue engineering, and microengineering to recapitulate human physiology. Typically, MPS biofabricated three-dimensional (3-D) constructs integrated into platforms designed mimic the microenvironment provide functional outputs. Over past decade, researchers have endeavored manufacture high-throughput, high-fidelity of all major organs. By incorporating patient-derived cells, produced biomimetic tissues with disease-linked genetic mutations capable exhibiting patient heterogeneity. This work has demonstrated more closely model organotypic function pathophysiology than traditional two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems. Moreover, investigators shown better predictors drug efficacy toxicity animal models. Thus, emerged as a promising candidate improve safety preclinical trials. In this mini-review, we an overview current advances in models, their applications mechanistic research, relevance screening. Finally, discuss investments development by United States federal government research institutions around world advance translational medicine.

Language: Английский

Advancing Cardiac Organoid Engineering Through Application of Biophysical Forces

IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 211 - 230

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Cardiac organoids represent an important bioengineering opportunity in the development of models to study human heart pathophysiology. By incorporating multiple cardiac cell types three-dimensional culture and developmentally-guided biochemical signaling, recapitulate numerous features tissue. However, tissue also experiences a variety mechanical forces as develops over course each contraction cycle. It is now clear that these impact cellular specification, phenotype, function, should be incorporated into engineering order generate better models. In this review, we discuss strategies for report effects organoid design on function cells. We then environment heart, including arising from elasticity, contraction, blood flow, stretch, efforts mimic biophysical cues organoids. Finally, review emerging areas research, development, formation multi-organ models, simulation spaceflight consider how investigations might benefit inclusion cues.

Language: Английский