
Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 1, 2025
The biofilm mode of growth and drug efflux are both important factors that impede the treatment bacterial infections with antimicrobials. Decades work have uncovered mechanisms involved in biofilm-mediated antimicrobial tolerance, but links between these phenomena only recently been discovered. Novel findings show how impacts global cellular physiology antibiotic underpinned by phenotypic heterogeneity. In addition can mediate cell-to-cell interactions, relevant biofilms, via including signaling molecules metabolites, using pump components establishment local gradients pumping. These recent suggest tolerance closely coupled, synergistic effects leading to evolution resistance environment.
Language: Английский