PhotoGEA: An R Package for Closer Fitting of Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Data With Non‐Gaussian Confidence Interval Estimation

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Fitting mechanistic models, such as the Farquhar‐von‐Caemmerer‐Berry model, to experimentally measured photosynthetic CO 2 response curves ( A ‐ C i curves) is a widely used technique for estimating values of key leaf biochemical parameters and determining limitations photosynthesis in vivo. Here, we present PhotoGEA , an R package with tools 3 Variable J 4 curve fitting. In contrast existing software, these automated use derivative‐free optimizers ensure close fits they calculate non‐Gaussian confidence intervals indicate which parameter are most reliable. Results from 's fitting tool compared against other available tools, where it found achieve closest reasonable estimates across range different characteristics. also presented, demonstrating how can provide insights into mesophyll conductance processes limiting at high concentrations. enables users develop data analysis pipelines efficiently reading, processing, analysing gas exchange measurements. It includes extensive documentation example scripts help new become proficient quickly possible.

Language: Английский

RNAi and genome editing of sugarcane: Progress and prospects

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 121(5)

Published: March 1, 2025

Sugarcane, which provides 80% of global table sugar and 40% biofuel, presents unique breeding challenges due to its highly polyploid, heterozygous, frequently aneuploid genome. Significant progress has been made in developing genetic resources, including the recently completed reference genome sugarcane cultivar R570 pan-genomic resources from sorghum, a closely related diploid species. Biotechnological approaches RNA interference (RNAi), overexpression transgenes, gene editing technologies offer promising avenues for accelerating improvement. These methods have successfully targeted genes involved important traits such as sucrose accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, biomass oil stress response. One main transformation methods-biolistic transfer or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation-coupled with efficient tissue culture protocols, is typically used implementing these biotechnology approaches. Emerging show promise overcoming current limitations. The use morphogenic can help address genotype constraints improve efficiency. Tissue culture-free technologies, spray-induced silencing, virus-induced editing, potential functional genomics studies. Additionally, novel base prime orthogonal synthetic transcription factors, directed evolution present opportunities enhancing traits. advances collectively aim sugarcane's efficiency crop both biofuel production. This review aims discuss methodologies, focus on RNAi approaches, how be inform targets, future improvements applications.

Language: Английский

Enemy Behind the Gates? Predicted Climate Change and Land‐Use Intensification Likely Speed Up C4 Grass Invasions in Europe

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aims Climate change is expected to bolster opportunities for alien species' establishment and spread. In Europe, C4 grass species have the potential benefit from a changing climate, being better adapted higher temperatures heat stress. Our aim was compile an up‐to‐date inventory of in find information about their distribution country‐ region‐wise statuses, identify most widespread high‐risk species, invaded habitat types, draw temporal trends European establishment. Location Europe. Methods We used standard systematic literature review methodology relevant publications online plant databases get list aimed also gather on (1) current distribution; (2) status each country (casual, naturalised, invasive); (3) species; (4) native climatic zones preferences countries; (5) patterns identified species. Results detected 133 across with highest number western countries (103 species) lowest northern Europe (69 species), considerable overlap amongst regions. Southern stands out naturalised (55) invasive (21) compared other regions, while has casual (53). including those tropical subtropical zones, which pose invasion risks. These predominantly occur ruderal anthropogenic but natural especially grasslands. Regarding trends, we alarming increase grasses recent decades. Conclusions Many already harbour high different statuses. Besides climate potential, human activities are important factors ongoing process Collective actions required halt this biodiversity problem.

Language: Английский