Organophosphate pesticides in herbal mixtures from Bayelsa State, Nigeria: implication for human exposure and risks

Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

This study investigated the presence of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) in fifty herbal mixture samples obtained from major towns Bayelsa, Nigeria, to evaluate their safety. OPPs were quantified using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with mass-selective detector after solvent extraction. The results showed that all mixtures contained detectable levels OPPs, detection frequencies for individual OPP congeners ranging 52% pyraclofos 90% diazinon, most frequently detected congener. At least three each sample. Total concentrations varied 3.80 48.0 ng·L-1, 4.50 51.6 ng·g-1, and 2.96 18.1 ng·g-1 liquid, powder, capsule mixtures, respectively. These below maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Pharmacopeia. Computed hazard index (HI) values generally < 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk associated ingestion these mixtures. contribution HI followed order: O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) > diazinon pirimiphos-methyl quinalphos chlorpyrifos chlorpyrifos-methyl. underscores need continuous monitoring application rigorous scientific standards ensure consumer

Language: Английский

Levels of endocrine disrupting organochlorine pesticides in herbal medicines from Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Any threat to public health?

Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский