Weight of evidence assessment from field studies on effects of the insecticide sulfoxaflor on hymenopteran pollinators: sulfoxaflor environmental science review part V

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 32

Published: March 24, 2025

Field studies involve combinations of exposure, natural dynamics, and effects in agricultural environments. To be more realistic, field focussed on pollinating insects must consider the details biology, life history, behavior, pollination ecology test species. While expensive time-consuming, these tests provide most realistic information, especially for social insects, but are valuable solitary bee species as well. They than laboratory because they determine combined stressors including weather, food availability, parasites, pathogens with anthropogenic stressors, such pesticide treatment itself, within agroecosystem landscapes. Twenty-four conducted bees to support registration sulfoxaflor published work included, a standardized rating system quality relevance was used. The included Apis mellifera L. Bombus terrestris Osmia bicornis results show that, when SFX products applied at highest labeled application rate actively foraging or fed syrup equivalent rates, minor temporary. Sublethal lethargy, disorientation, reduced body mass emergence. No new modes action no treatment-related brood rearing were found.

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating pollinator exposures to sulfoxaflor via bee-relevant matrices: a systems-level approach using semi-probabilistic methods for assessing hazards; sulfoxaflor environmental science review part IV

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: March 25, 2025

Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is a newly registered IRAC Group 4C nAChR-receptor-agonist systemic insecticide that used to control sap-sucking insects in variety of crops. SFX has short half-life (< 2 days) agricultural soil and only as foliar-applied product. Pollinators such honey bees could be exposed directly spray if application occurs shortly before or during blooming flowers, or, systemic, via oral exposures nectar pollen collected by bees. Guided Weight-of-Evidence rubric, this paper critically assessed studies on the fate bee-relevant matrices submitted registrant several jurisdictions well few published open scientific literature. These provided data for residues and/or from 16 crops grown countries both hemispheres. transformation products were detected pollen. Transformation have low hazard honeybees, so focus was parent material, SFX, which observed dissipate rapidly after application. Dietary No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentrations (NOAEC) derived results 10-day continuous feeding adult (0.50 mg kg-1 diet d-1) larval honeybees (1.69 precautionary toxicity benchmarks characterize hazards. In paper, we tiered process. The initial screening tier based greatest concentration measured matrix. For scenarios did not pass Tier-1, second time-weighted average (area under curve, AUC) matrix more realistic measure exposure. Of 90 use characterized, 36 benchmark ≥1concentration exceeding NOAEC. When AUC exposure estimated these scenarios, 3 benchmark. three anthers alfalfa California, strawberries France, peaches Michigan. two-tier procedure assessment lessened need further 97% reduced characterizing hazards field-level whole-hive tests conducted controlled conditions

Language: Английский

---

Weight of evidence assessment of effects of sulfoxaflor on aquatic invertebrates: sulfoxaflor environmental science review part II

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: March 25, 2025

Effects of sulfoxaflor (SFX) on aquatic invertebrates were assessed by comparing concentrations predicted to occur in or measured surface waters thresholds for adverse effects. Due the specific mode toxic action, fishes are relatively tolerant effects SFX. Daphnia magna with an LC50 378 mg SFX L-1 (SD = 19.13) was similarly SFX, while LOEC >110 L-1. A threshold insects, based chironomid midge, C. tentans, had LOAEL and NOAEL values 0.0455 0.0618 L-1, respectively. The acute-to-chronic ratio 18. Simulation models parameters selected a range applications crops environmental (EECs) from 2.2 7.7 µg Based these EECs, maximum hazard quotient (HQ) 0.11, which is less than US EPA level concern (LOC) 0.5, would normally be trigger regulatory action higher-tier assessments. risks posed organisms de minimis. Hazard quotients EEC standard, USEPA farm pond estimated use Pesticides Water Calculator (PWC version 1.52) scenarios application rates cotton insects similar those other insecticides including neonicotinoids organophosphorus compounds.

Language: Английский

---

A quantitative Apis mellifera hazard and risk assessment model (AMHRA) illustrated with the insecticide sulfoxaflor: sulfoxaflor environmental science review part VI

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: March 26, 2025

In this paper, conceptual models of the exposure pathways outside hive and in-hive distribution pesticide residues brought to honeybee are presented. The model is based on natural life history, behavior diet individual honeybees (Apis mellifera). Receptor groups bees with similar diets potential defined. From model, a quantitative A. mellifera hazard risk assessment (AMHRA) developed illustrated using sulfoxaflor (SFX) as case study. estimates receptor within colony via various routes exposure. user selects deterministic mode obtain quotients (HQ) or probabilistic (RQ). was run in concentrations nectar pollen from field experiment which SFX applied cotton crops at highest permitted application rate 101 g a.i. ha-1. Acute chronic HQ values were calculated for adult larval groups. results showed that single following label directions not hazardous honeybees. described but run.

Language: Английский

---

Properties, mode of insecticidal action, environmental exposure pathways, and uses of the insecticide sulfoxaflor; sulfoxaflor environmental science review part I

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: March 25, 2025

Sulfoxaflor (SFX, CAS# 946578-00-3) is marketed by Corteva Agrisciences Inc. as Isoclast®. SFX a Group 4C, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist and systemic insecticide that most active against sucking insects. This paper critically reviews characterizes the physical chemical properties of to facilitate development conceptual models identify environmental compartments with greatest potential concentrations organisms likely be exposed. These were assessed in Weight Evidence (WoE) framework scenarios at risk. The solubility water approximately 550 mg L- 1 POW 0.8, so it will not bioconcentrate or undergo trophic transfer. It has move soils, but this unlikely because short half-life (hours 2-5 days) agricultural soils where bacteria mediate dissipation. Some transformation products have longer half-lives (months) soil are more mobile less toxic concern for adverse effects. does significant photolysis hydrolysis water, lead risk aquatic systems approved over-water use label recommends buffer zones protect sensitive areas. Overall, under good practices result biologically relevant exposures non-target species areas environment.

Language: Английский

---

Acute and repeated exposure toxicity of the insecticide sulfoxaflor on hymenopteran pollinators; sulfoxaflor environmental science review part III

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: March 27, 2025

To support regulatory risk assessment, standardized laboratory tests of toxicity to representative species including honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), orchard bees (Osmia spp.), and bumblebees (Bombus spp.) provide the benchmark values for use in preliminary Tier 1 assessments more detailed realistic higher-tier assessments. In this analysis, we summarize results studies SFX pollinators conducted registrant as well published literature. The geometric mean 48-hr adult acute oral LD50 was 0.0740 μg bee- (n = 5). Toxicity technical grade (SFX-T) formulated products were not significantly different. 48 hr contact SFX-T several 0.432 2) 0.202 3) 1, respectively. Exposures sprayed foliage significant after spray had dried did cause toxicity. Transformation toxic or larval other bee species. Results showed that, complete required. Differences between standard test methods nonstandard used work affect outcome assessment. An understanding these differences reconciled reported findings.

Language: Английский

---