Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 17, 2024

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims provide comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis summarizes current therapeutic strategies, surgery, chemotherapy, emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical pathways driving cancer development, KRAS, Notch, Hedgehog, are discussed. Current radiation, discussed, with emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, gene editing, explored, demonstrating potential for enhancing diagnosis treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging directions, encompassing CRISPR/Cas9 genome computational intelligence applications, hold promise refining diagnostic approaches interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing these fields holds advancing treatment this formidable malignancy.

Language: Английский

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Tumor Microenvironment: Cellular Interaction and Metabolic Adaptations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3642 - 3642

Published: March 25, 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancerogenesis [...]

Language: Английский

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Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Identifies a Macrophage-Related Prognostic Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 811 - 811

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate. Macrophages, as key immune cell type within tumor microenvironment (TME), play role in evasion progression CRC. Therefore, identifying macrophage biomarkers great significance for predicting prognosis CRC patients. This study integrates scRNA-seq bulk RNA-seq data to identify macrophage-related genes By applying comprehensive machine learning framework, prognostic signature (MRPS) was constructed 15 with values. The MRPS demonstrated strong predictive performance across multiple datasets, effectively stratifying high-risk low-risk patients terms overall survival (OS) disease-specific (DSS). Furthermore, analysis revealed significant differences between groups infiltration levels checkpoint gene expression patterns. Drug screening identified several small molecules, including Bortezomib Mitoxantrone, potential therapeutic options Pseudotime trajectory further highlighted comprising differentiation. provides powerful tool personalized prediction patients, offering new insights into macrophage-driven mechanisms strategies.

Language: Английский

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Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 174 - 174

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge, highlighting the need for continued research into novel risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and personalized treatments. Among emerging viral infections have been implicated as potential contributors to breast carcinogenesis BC progression. Recent evidence suggests that specific oncogenic strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may capacity transform mammary epithelial cells. This review assesses clinical data regarding HCMV presence in both tumor non-tumor tissues, examining role oncoproteins development Current findings indicate higher prevalence infection carcinomas compared associated with an elevated BC. Additionally, HCMV-driven model proposed here activate multiple pathways, fostering cell proliferation, survival, development. A deeper understanding could enhance stratification support creation targeted therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells

Current Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 143 - 143

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Breast cancer is the most common type of in women and second leading cause death by cancer. Despite recent advances, mortality rate remains high, underlining need to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complex interaction between cells tumor microenvironment (TME) crucial determining progression, therapy response, patient prognosis. Understanding role immune carcinogenesis progression can help improve targeted options, increasing likelihood a favorable Therefore, this review aims critically analyze cells, emphasizing clinical implications. Additionally, we explore advances immunotherapies, with focus on checkpoint inhibitors.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer and treatment strategy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common in women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite advances screening treatment, outcomes for advanced or recurrent BC remain poor, highlighting need new strategies. Recent research emphasizes tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as key drivers growth, metastasis, resistance to therapy. The presence M2-like TAMs TME promotes immune evasion progression across subtypes. This review summarizes classification, their role BC, emerging therapies targeting TAMs, including depletion, inhibition recruitment, reprogramming from pro-tumoral M2 anti-tumoral M1 phenotypes. Targeting offers promising strategy improve treatment outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Significance of the monocyte CCR2-CCL2 axis in triple-negative breast cancer

Archives of Medical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 103205 - 103205

Published: March 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the triad of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, and skeletal muscle biomechanics in oncology

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 2, 2025

The intricate interaction between skeletal muscle biomechanics, the tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy constitutes a pivotal research focus oncology. This work provides comprehensive review of methodologies for evaluating including handheld dynamometry, advanced imaging techniques, electrical impedance myography, elastography, single-fiber experiments to assess quality performance. Furthermore, it elucidates mechanisms, applications, limitations various modalities, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, combined chemoimmunotherapy, while examining their effects on function systemic responses. Key findings indicate that although is effective in augmenting antitumor immunity, frequently induces muscle-related adverse such as weakness, fatigue, or damage, primarily mediated by cytokine release activation. underscores significance niches within microenvironment influencing treatment outcomes proposes strategies optimize therapy through personalized regimens combinatorial approaches. highlights need further formation interactions muscle-tumor. Our crucial advancing efficacy immunotherapy, reducing effects, ultimately improving survival rates life patients with cancer.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Anticancer Mechanisms of Calycosin in Lung Adenocarcinoma Through Multi-Omics: Targeting SMAD3-Mediated NOTCH Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1455 - 1455

Published: April 26, 2025

Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, particularly in advanced stages. This study investigates the anticancer mechanisms calycosin, an isoflavonoid derived from Astragalus membranaceus, LUAD. Methods: Using integrative approaches including bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, network pharmacology, molecular docking, we identified SMAD3 as critical biomarker associated with LUAD staging prognosis. Results: Calycosin targets SMAD3, modulating NOTCH signaling pathway monocytes/macrophages to suppress tumor growth, invasion, immune evasion. Enrichment analyses revealed significant involvement components SMAD3-correlated genes, advanced-stage Single-cell sequencing further demonstrated enrichment tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages. Additionally, KMT2A was key transcriptional regulator these cells. Conclusions: These findings highlight potential effects calycosin provide novel insights into targeting tumor–immune microenvironment

Language: Английский

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Tumor microenvironment and immune-related myositis: addressing muscle wasting in cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 2, 2025

Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages the immune system to target neoplastic cells, has undergone significant transformation in recent. However, immunotherapy may have negative effects on skeletal muscle function, causing wasting and functional decline cancer patients. In this study, we review mechanisms by influences muscle, focusing immune-related myositis, inflammation, metabolic alterations within tumor microenvironment (TME). The key methodologies, including biomechanical assessment techniques such as electrical impedance myography ultrasound imaging, are discussed provide valuable insights into process that maintain integrity function patients receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, dual of suppression damage described, revealing significance inflammatory cytokines, checkpoints, disturbances TME. Importantly, propose combination therapies integrating nutritional interventions or anti-inflammatory potential approaches for mitigating wasting. This study highlights need deeper investigations optimize improve its efficacy preserving health, thereby improving patient outcomes quality life.

Language: Английский

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