Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5305 - 5321
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
We
construct
a
panel
of
242
households
from
five
consecutive
Kerala
Migration
Surveys
that
span
20
years
at
five-year
intervals
to
study
the
fundamental
determinants
decision
migrate
abroad
as
well
remit.
Accounting
for
time-invariant
unobservables
and
allowing
migration
remittance
behavior
depend
upon
previous
choices
clarifies
our
understanding
both
decisions.
display
positive
serial
correlation
over
time
horizon
presence
return
migrant
in
household
increases
likelihood
by
13%
remittances
4%.
is
1%
more
likely
female-headed
households,
4%
less
when
head
employed,
0.4%
each
additional
year
head's
age
6%
are
asset-poor.
Remittances
between
20%
70%
obtain
was
married
3%
latter
suggesting
either
an
old-age
security
or
co-insurance
motive.
Evidence
favor
very
strong
inheritance
competition
motive
found
male
heir
8%
31%.
Based
on
econometric
evidence,
particular
findings
pertaining
household,
it
will
quickly
rebound
their
pre-pandemic
levels.
Asian and Pacific migration journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
In
2021,
the
United
Arab
Emirates
(UAE)
implemented
Green
visas
to
celebrate
Golden
Jubilee
of
country.
They
do
not
change
basic
principle
temporariness
which
represents
a
permanent
status
for
all
foreign
workers
in
Migration
Gulf
countries
has
given
rise
sort
contradictory
attitude
based
on
tensions
between
exclusion
and
inclusion,
belonging
non-belonging.
This
paper
aims
at
discussing
practices
integration
performed
exhibited
by
middle-class
Pakistanis
Dubai.
Everyday
is
useful
analytical
tool
provide
an
explanation
strategies
everyday
life
migrants.
Indeed,
migrant
experience
exemplifies
how
forms
occur
even
contexts
where
there
are
no
policies
aimed
integrating
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5133 - 5152
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
Academic
interest
for
the
scholarship
on
return
migration
has
received
new
vigour
owing
in
part
to
massive
waves
observed
because
of
COVID-19
pandemic.
This
special
issue
consolidates
studies
conducted
aftermath
that
study
experiences
from
South
and
Southeast
Asia.
These
harness
primary
as
well
secondary
data
order
document
what
happened
migrants
a
result
lockdowns
related
measures
immobility,
flow
when
borders
reopened,
condition
since
their
countries
origin.
Despite
fact
we
draw
context
pandemic-induced
phenomena,
insights
generated
by
our
are
important
at
large.
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5259 - 5280
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
The
COVID-19
pandemic-related
labour
market
issues
and
the
rapid
departure
from
countries
of
destination
have
heightened
wage
theft
faced
by
migrant
workers.
This
article
provides
scientific
evidence
on
pandemic-induced
experienced
workers
with
aim
minimising
workers’
exposure
to
similar
cases
injustice
in
future.
qualitative
quantitative
analysis
data
who
returned
Sri
Lanka
during
pandemic
dimensions
theft.
These
include
non-negotiable
reductions
delays
payment
dues,
non-payment
salary
non-provision
other
dues
benefits,
unconsented
setting
off
non-transparent
calculation
benefits
their
against
goods
services
provided
employer
holding
situations
bonded
labour.
findings
also
highlight
that
due
wages
is
more
common
among
vulnerable
suggests
strategies
remedy
changing
behaviour
as
well
employers.
Moreover,
punitive
measures
offending
employers
need
be
combined
remedial
financial
compensation
victimised
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5281 - 5304
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
The
paper
sought
to
determine
if
the
varied
forms
of
assistance
returnee
overseas
Filipino
workers
(OFWs)
during
this
COVID-19
pandemic
prompt
them
stay
home
or
return
overseas.
This
mixed
methods
study
combined
a
logistic
regression
large-scale
survey
migrant
(N
=
8,266,
done
by
International
Organization
for
Migration)
and
documentary
analysis
efforts
Philippines
assist
returnees.
It
was
found
that
Philippine
government's
migration
non-migration
agencies
have
laid
out
red
carpet
provide
multifarious
economic
non-economic
OFWs.
However,
results
reveal
in
spite
business
capital,
skills
training
income
support
given
returnees,
amount
differentials
between
local
earnings
plus
pandemic-induced
disruptions
propel
their
desires
repeat
labour
migration.
methodologically
contributes
logical
connection
with
running
documented
government
returnees
as
part
Southeast
Asian
country's
overall
containment
strategy.
Meanwhile,
work
remittances
enduring
solutions
families
move
forward
from
pandemic,
instrumentalities
may
reconfigure
approach
reintegration.
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5169 - 5189
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
In
this
article,
we
explore
how
precise
information
about
migrants'
working
conditions
in
their
destination
countries
impacts
decision
to
migrate
again
upon
returning
home.
Using
household
data
from
Kerala
and
Tamil
Nadu
2020–21,
study
return
emigrants
(REM)
who
returned
during
the
first
COVID-19
lockdowns
Gulf
Cooperation
Council
(GCC)
countries.
Through
a
binary
choice
model,
discover
that
negative
experiences
country
significantly
influence
re-migrate.
Specifically,
issues
with
salary
payment
reduced
hours
make
re-migration
less
likely.
We
then
apply
two-stage
multinomial
regression
identify
causes
of
these
they
shape
migrant's
future
decisions.
conclude
such
discourage
increase
preference
work
origin.
Our
research
offers
insights
for
shaping
migration
policies
region.
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5219 - 5237
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
This
paper
examines
the
effectiveness
of
migration
policies
in
dealing
with
challenges
that
Nepalese
migrants
faced
during
this
pandemic
from
a
disaster
justice
perspective.
Like
other
periods
natural
or
human-made
crises,
Nepal
Government
brought
new
and
programmes
to
help
victims
their
reintegration.
In
context,
what
worked
did
not
work
based
on
findings
large
survey
conducted
among
qualitative
information
collected
implementation
programme
The
highlights
understanding
social
vulnerability
is
critical
devising
could
benefit
them
such
disasters.
It
demonstrates
socially
vulnerable
groups
are
only
disproportionately
affected
by
disasters
less
capable
resilience
recovery;
they
also
supported
well
public
institutions
like
government.
situation
makes
further
poverty,
physical
exploitation
psychological
stresses,
which
calls
for
support
preparedness
and,
event
disaster,
long-term
recovery
until
become
resilient.
study
shows
local
governments
better
position
target
‘socially
vulnerable’
implement
reintegration
programmes.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 12, 2025
Why
do
migrants
return
home
and
start
businesses?
Research
on
this
multistage
phenomenon—that
is,
followed
by
entrepreneurship—is
fragmented,
reflecting
different
scholarly
approaches
reasons
businesses
(or
not).
We
systematically
review
80
papers
addressing
aspects
of
returnee
entrepreneurship
organize
findings
into
a
two-stage
process
model
grounded
in
three
levels
analysis—institutional,
social,
individual.
Our
contributes
providing
parsimonious
way
to
understand
describe
what
has
been
learned.
also
contribute
research
agenda
help
scholars
leverage
is
known
about
entrepreneurs
entrepreneurial
processes
address
critical
unanswered
questions.
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5153 - 5168
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
This
paper
explores
the
impact
of
return
migration
on
labour
market
outcomes,
more
specifically,
wage,
consumption
and
welfare
outcomes
for
workers
in
South
Asia.
The
unprecedented
changes
brought
about
by
pandemic
have
led
to
mass
upheaval
millions
over
past
two
years.
is
likely
lead
an
expansion
force
employment
this
supply
shock
evaluated
using
GMig2
version
GTAP
model.
We
find
heterogeneous
results
terms
returns
levels
skill
industry.
sectoral
demand
composition
with
manufacturing
services
gaining
agriculture
primary
industries.
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(20), P. 5238 - 5258
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
ABSTRACTSeveral
Asian
countries
that
encourage
international
migration
of
labour
call
their
emigrants
'national
heroes
and
heroines'
because
contributions
to
foreign
currency
reserves
subsequent
national
development.
However,
the
massive
involuntary
return
amid
COVID-19
pandemic
health
risk
associated
with
returning
from
virus-affected
regions,
such
as
Gulf
states,
development
narratives
migrants
migrant
remittances
into
question.
This
study
examines
experiences
in
Bangladesh,
focusing
on
arrivals
at
airport,
travels
home,
receptions
origin
communities,
financial
hardship
upon
shifting
country.
The
paper
draws
primary
data,
collected
through
interviews
returnees
Bangladesh
between
2020
2021.
finds
image
heroes'
is
not
only
challenged
during
but
replaced
almost
overnight
by
a
new
one,
'COVID-19
super-spreaders'.
research
reports
confront
unpleasant
circumstances
process
render
country
disgraceful.
stresses
developing
policy
measures
protect
victimisation
disgraceful
circumstances.KEYWORDS:
Involuntary
migrationGulf
regionBangladeshi
Disclosure
statementNo
potential
conflict
interest
was
reported
author(s).Notes1
Remittances
reach
US$630
billion
2022,
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/05/11/remittances-to-reach-630-billion-in-2022-with-record-flows-into-ukraine2
Estimated
data
provided
KNOMAD,
Retrieved
6
June
2022:
https://www.knomad.org/data/remittances3
https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/bangladesh-7th-highest-remittance-recipient-wb-30226114
In
mainstream
media
are
described
'remittance
fighters',
https://www.thedailystar.net/views/opinion/news/the-tragedy-fallen-remittance-fighter-29674415
Sorkar,
M.
N.
I
(9
July
2020.
Pandemic
Profoundly
Affects
Bangladeshi
Workers
Abroad
Consequences
for
Origin
Communities.
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/covid-19-pandemic-profoundly-affects-bangladeshi-workers-abroad-consequences-origin.6
Data
Overseas
Employment
Remittances,
1976–2021,
retrieved
3
http://www.old.bmet.gov.bd/BMET/viewStatReport.action?reportnumber=167
Molla,
Mohammad
Al-Masum.
(3
April
2020).
CASES:
Those
no
travel
history
outnumber
returns.
Daily
Star.
https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/covid-19-cases-those-no-travel-history-outnumber-returnees-1889074,
20228
Kuttappan
(19
September
Indian
Migrant
Countries
Returning
Home
-Without
Months
Salary
owed
them,
Hindu
https://www.thehindu.com/society/indian-migrant-workers-in-gulf-countries-are-returning-home-without-months-of-salary-owed-to-them/article32639165.ece9
Middle
East:
update
government
initiatives.
Available
https://www.clydeco.com/en/insights/2020/05/covid-19-middle-east-employment-an-update-on-new-g10
States:
Ease
Immigration
Detention
(7
2020,
Reuters,
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/07/gulf-states-ease-immigration-detention-pandemic11
SAAPE
report:
Migration
South
Asia
Poverty
Vulnerability,
https://saape.org/resources/migration-in-south-asia-poverty-and-vulnerability/12
Amnesty
International
(30
makes
countries'
abuse
workers
impossible
ignore.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2020/04/covid19-makes-gulf-countries-abuse-of-migrant-workers-impossible-to-ignore/.13
Skirka,
H.
(26
March
full
list
where
commercial
passenger
flights
grounded
due
coronavirus,
https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/travel/the-full-list-of-countries-where-commercial-passenger-flights-are-grounded-due-to-the-coronavirus-1.996215.14
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2020/04/covid19-makes-gulf-countries-abuse-of-migrant-workers-impossible-to-ignore/.15
(09
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/covid-19-pandemic-profoundly-affects-bangladeshi-workers-abroad-consequences-origin.16
resume
later
this
month
https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/international/bangladesh-to-resume-international-flights-later-this-month/76281038.17
Ahmed,
Zahir.
(21
OP-ED:
No
home
sweet
home.
Dhaka
Tribune.
https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2020/07/21/op-ed-no-home-sweet-home18
child
isolation,
expatriate
father
reprimanded
hiding
information
2020),
Jago
News
24.com.
https://www.jagonews24.com/country/news/568560retrieved
202219
IOM
assists
vulnerable
impacted
pandemic:
https://bangladesh.iom.int/news/iom-assists-vulnerable-returning-migrants-impacted-covid-19-pandemic
202220
Islam,
Md.
Sariful.
(2020).
pandemic.
IOM,
mission.
https://unb.com.bd/category/Bangladesh/iom-assists-vulnerable-migrants-impacted-by-covid-19-pandemic/51923
2022
