mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 12, 2025

The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss development, current applications, and prospects vaccines for both prevention treatment infectious diseases oncology. By leveraging capacity encode antigens within host cells directly, provide versatile scalable platform suitable addressing broad spectrum pathogens tumor-specific antigens. We highlight recent advancements design, innovative delivery mechanisms, ongoing clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their efficacy combating diseases, such as COVID-19, Zika, influenza, well emerging potential cancer immunotherapy. also address critical challenges, including stability, optimization immune responses, broader issue accessibility. Finally, review strategies advancing next-generation aim overcoming limitations technology enhancing preventive therapeutic approaches oncological diseases.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and challenges to implementing mRNA-based vaccines and medicines: lessons from COVID-19

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

The messenger RNA (mRNA) platform emerged at the forefront of vaccine development during COVID-19 pandemic, with two mRNA vaccines being among first authorized globally. These were developed rapidly. Informed by decades laboratory research, and proved to be safe efficacious tools for mitigating global impact pandemic. holds promise a broader medical application beyond COVID-19. Herein, we provide an overview this describe lessons learned from pandemic help formulate strategies toward enhancing uptake future mRNA-based interventions. We identify several as vital acceptance expanding array therapeutics, including education, accurate transparent information sharing, targeted engagement campaigns, continued investment in safety surveillance, inclusion diverse participant pools clinical trials, addressing deep-rooted inequalities access healthcare. present findings Global Listening Project (GLP) initiative, which draws on quantitative qualitative approaches capture perceptions experiences design concrete action plans improving societal preparedness emergencies. GLP survey (>70,000 respondents 70 countries) revealed tremendous disparities across countries sociodemographic groups regarding willingness accept novel medicines. comfort innovations medicines was generally low (35%) marginally lower women (33%). learnt actionable insights into designing effective enhance

Language: Английский

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Is there still hope for the prophylactic hepatitis C vaccine? A review of different approaches

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Despite remarkable progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it remains a significant global health burden, necessitating development an effective prophylactic vaccine. This review paper presents current landscape HCV vaccine candidates and approaches, including more traditional, based on inactivated virus, modern, such as subunit protein, vectored, nucleic acids (DNA mRNA) virus‐like particles. The concept is first put context viral genetic diversity adaptive responses to understanding which crucial guiding against complex virus. Because ethical dimensions are also research, development, potential deployment, we address them this paper. road safe prevent infection bumpy due variation its ability evade immune responses. cell‐culture systems allowed for production candidate, can induce cross‐neutralizing antibodies vitro , but whether could humans unknown. Subunit protein that entered clinical trials elicited HCV‐specific humoral cellular responses, though be shown they translate into prevention or progression chronic state. Such were induced by clinically tested vector‐based decreased load did not infection. These disappointments readily predicted from preclinical animal studies. platforms employing particles, DNA, mRNA provide opportunities vaccine, their has yet shown. Ensuring designed conserved epitope(s) elicits broadly neutralizing essential. Given failures developing continue supporting national strategies, funding screening programs. However, these actions likely insufficient permanently control encouraging further mobilization resources research missing element elimination public health.

Language: Английский

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Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 669 - 684

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria naturally serve as a heterologous nano-engineering platform, functioning effective multi-use nanovesicles for diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments against pathogens. To apply refined OMVs human theranostic applications, we developed exposed receptor-binding domain (RBD) grafted with antigen 43 minimal modular system targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We constructed E. coli-derived using the autotransporter to display RBD referred viral mimetic Ag43β700_RBD OMVs. Based on this, protein were expressed onto Escherichia coli (E. coli) membrane. Artificial fabricated by self-assembly through disruption of chemical detergent mainly containing lysozyme. Through serial centrifugation purify OMVs, spherical an average diameter 218 nm obtained. The confirmation was performed trypsin treatment. Our had impact studies: (i) blockade assay, (ii) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iii) intracellular uptake neutralization assay. As serodiagnostic surrogates, applied ACE2 OMVs-ELISA quantify antibodies (nAbs). They reduced robust immune response in vitro, especially IL-6 IL-1β. Experiments mice, successfully proven be safe effective; they produced detectable level nAbs 39-58% neutralisation titres lungs brain without weight loss. may therefore nanovesicle-theranostic platform further emerging infectious disease-related diagnosis, vaccination,

Language: Английский

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State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Vaccine Design for Respiratory Pathogens

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Advancements driven recent disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but prophylactic for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially light of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address critical need, such as (a) development Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models gain a better understanding pathogenesis process host–microbe interactions; (b) more thorough investigation mechanisms behind mucosal immunity first line defense against pathogens; (c) identification correlates protection (CoPs) which, conjunction with Reverse Vaccinology 2.0 approach, push rational targeted design vaccines. By focusing these areas, expect substantial progress new vaccines pathogens, thereby enhancing global health framework increasingly concerning AMR emergence.

Language: Английский

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Allergy-like nocebo events reported with COVID-19 vaccines: a case control study

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Allergy-like symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination are frequently reported, though true allergic reactions rare. Clinical trials suggest many reported may reflect nocebo effects. This study aimed to characterize responses and identify associated factors. A case-control was conducted using pharmacovigilance records a cross-sectional questionnaire. Cases were defined as patients reporting allergy-like without anaphylaxis; controls reactogenicity or localized reactions. Data on demographics, medical history, vaccinations, psychological factors analyzed multivariate logistic regression risk with Among 1038 participants, 320 cases 718 controls. cutaneous (71.8%) respiratory (38.8%) symptoms, 43.4% occurring the first dose. Nocebo positively history of allergy (OR 1.78, 95%CI: 1.32-2.4) COMIRNATY vaccine 1.60, 1.20-2.14), negatively correlated perceived effectiveness 0.93, 0.88-0.98). The effect appears differ by type is more common in individuals lower effectiveness. While further research needed validate these findings, this underscores importance clear, evidence-based communication reduce responses.

Language: Английский

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Redefining Vaccines: Nucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Short Therapeutic Peptides

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances in Functional Organic-based Nanosystems for RNA Delivery, Targeting Different Organs

Materials chemistry horizons., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 1 - 14

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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DNA and mRNA vaccines: Significant therapeutic approach against cancer management

Advances in immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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