Extracellular vesicles-based vaccines: Emerging immunotherapies against cancer

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 378, P. 438 - 459

Published: Dec. 21, 2024

Cancer vaccines are promising therapeutic approaches to enhance specific T-cell immunity against most solid tumors. By stimulating anti-tumor immunity, clearing minimal residual disease, and minimizing adverse effects, these target tumor cells effective when combined with immune checkpoint blockade or other immunotherapies. However, the development of cell-based faces quality issues due poor immunogenicity, heterogeneity, a suppressive microenvironment, ineffective delivery methods. In contrast, extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally released by cells, considered ideal drug carriers vaccine platforms. EVs offer highly organ-specific targeting, induce broader more responses, demonstrate superior tissue ability. The EV is crucial for advancing cancer immunotherapy. Compared vaccines, produced under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) advantages such as high safety, ease preservation transport, wide range sources. This review summarizes latest research findings on potential applications in this field. It also highlights novel neoantigens cancer.

Language: Английский

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Modern Features and Particular Issues of Rotavirus Preventive Vaccination

Педиатрическая фармакология, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 516 - 524

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Rotavirus is recognized as one of the worid’s most common pathogens acute gastroenteritis among children (up to 5 years age) and has significant impact on chiidhood morbidity mortality. The recommended by WHO routine vaccination infants against rotavirus infection led notable reduction in incidence, hospitalization costs associated with outcomes countries that have achieved high coverage. However, we should be aware several features vaccines implementation their safety efficacy depend it. Despite absence within National Immunization Schedule Russian Federation extremely low coverage preventive vaccination, authors receive many questions from practicing pediatricians regarding cases vaccination. This article includes complete answers for relevant them arise during practical use vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Based Approaches for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disease

Current Treatment Options in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of FcRn antagonism on vaccine-induced protective immune responses against viral challenge in COVID-19 and influenza mouse vaccination models

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Antagonism of the neonatal Fc receptor through an engineered antibody fragment, such as efgartigimod, results in a decrease immunoglobulin G levels. This approach is being evaluated therapeutic strategy for treatment IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. Our goal was to evaluate impact mFc-ABDEG, mouse-adapted fragment with mode action highly similar on vaccine-induced protective immune responses against viral infections. Therefore, mouse vaccination models COVID-19 and influenza were employed, utilizing mRNA vaccine (COMIRNATY) adjuvanted, inactivated quadrivalent (Seqirus+AddaVax), respectively. In both models, induced robust humoral responses. As expected, animals treated mFc-ABDEG had lower levels virus-specific IgG, while IgM remained unaffected. The strong Th1-type T cell response irrespective treatment. Influenza resulted poor induction, regardless treatment, due Th2-biased that vaccines typically induce. Importantly, no effect immunity live challenges models. Vaccinated equally protected non-treated vaccinated controls. These non-clinical data demonstrate FcRn antagonism did not affect generation cellular responses, or protection challenges. substantiate clinical observations that, although IgG titers reduced, efgartigimod impair ability generate new specific timing vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Typhoid conjugate vaccines: is a single dose enough for durable protection?

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Typhoid fever is widespread in developing countries. Most typhoid vaccines have gone into some disrepute for their substantial side effects and low efficacy. The latest use Salmonella's Vi-capsular polysaccharide (Vi-CPS) conjugated to a protein carrier. WHO recommends single conjugate vaccination (TCV) dose at six months endemic However, this schedule contested. molecular structure of Vi-CPS, emerging Vi capsule variants, the impact de-O acetylation on vaccine immunogenicity, key features an effective Vi-PS vaccine, immunological correlates protection, boosting by TCV Vi-antibodies, knowledge gaps were examined. We also reviewed efficacy durability data. Our analysis shows that are effective, although immunity wanes after five years, especially children under two. offered ways improve briefly discussed new development. believe necessitates revision. Extending primary immunization age or incorporating booster upon school enrollment reasonable alternatives. Region-specific universal modifications require further deliberation.

Language: Английский

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Computational tools and data integration to accelerate vaccine development: challenges, opportunities, and future directions

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 7, 2025

The development of effective vaccines is crucial for combating current and emerging pathogens. Despite significant advances in the field vaccine there remain numerous challenges including lack standardized data reporting curation practices, making it difficult to determine correlates protection from experimental clinical studies. Significant gaps knowledge integration can hinder which relies on a comprehensive understanding interplay between pathogens host immune system. In this review, we explore landscape development, highlighting computational challenges, limitations, opportunities associated with integrating diverse types leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) techniques design. We discuss role natural language processing, semantic integration, causal inference extracting valuable insights published literature unstructured sources, as well modeling responses. Furthermore, highlight specific uncertainty quantification emphasize importance establishing formats ontologies facilitate analysis heterogeneous data. Through harmonization safe be accelerated improve public health outcomes. Looking future, need collaborative efforts among researchers, scientists, experts realize full potential AI-assisted design streamline process.

Language: Английский

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Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 14, 2025

Certain insect-specific viruses (ISVs), specifically the mosquito alphaviruses, Eilat and Yada viruses, orthoflaviviruses, Binjari, Aripo, YN15-283-02 Chaoyang have emerged as potential platforms for generation of whole virus vaccines human veterinary applications. These ISVs are remarkably tolerant substitution their structural polyproteins with those alphaviruses orthoflaviviruses that pathogenic in humans and/or animals. The resulting ISV-based chimeric been evaluated mouse models demonstrated safety efficacy non-human primates, crocodiles pigs. Targets include chikungunya, Venezuelan eastern equine encephalitis, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis West Nile viruses. provide authentically folded tertiary quaternary virion particle structures to immune system, a key feature induction protective antibody responses. manufactured C6/36 or C7-10 cell lines, where they grow high titers, but do not replicate vertebrate vaccine recipients. This review discusses progress these emerging technologies addresses challenges related adjuvanting, safety, manufacturing.

Language: Английский

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Mycoplasma bovis : A review of vaccination and diagnostic initiatives

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle constitute a worldwide problem with significant detrimental economic impacts on industry. Mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders are its clinical manifestations. Presently, no vaccines commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic sensitivity testing needs to be improved; new rapid diagnosis kits eminent for implementation of treatment antimicrobials. We conducted systematic search databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google Scholar, AGRIS African Journals Online (AJOL), from 1995 2024. Searched keywords, as, bovis, M : vaccine development, techniques strain variability using the predefined criteria were used address review objectives. Although they have preventative function, – killed, live attenuated, subunit types face difficulties because M. strains vary widely. Every approach has own set benefits drawbacks, those that been studies include conventional culture identification, serological testing, immunohistochemical demonstration tissues, sophisticated molecular like PCR, qPCR, next-generation sequencing. For early detection, successful treatment, vaccination efficacy monitoring, accurate crucial. Future directions managing -associated diseases improving accessibility creating broad-spectrum vaccinations. By incorporating these developments, it may possible enhance health cattle, promote sustainability livestock production, increase food security. This points urgent need further research innovation advancement support

Language: Английский

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Detoxification Techniques for Bacterial Toxins: A Pathway to Effective Toxoid Vaccines

Toxicon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 260, P. 108365 - 108365

Published: April 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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