A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 918 - 918

Published: March 6, 2025

Carbohydrate supplementation is a common practice among endurance athletes participating in long-distance competitions. However, glycogen storage regulation, in-competition blood glucose levels, and their relationship with athletic performance are influenced by multiple factors. This review summarizes the recent research progress on carbohydrate supplementation, addressing its applications pre-, during-, post-competition phases. It explores variables that influence effectiveness of provides summary strategies, based six key aspects: properties, multi-nutrient interactions, gastrointestinal function, individual differences (such as age gender), environmental conditions, psychological The combination different types, ratios, concentrations carbohydrates has been demonstrated to enhance efficiency digestion absorption. synergistic protein, sodium, caffeine intake demonstrates enhanced efficacy strategies. Gastrointestinal tolerance training for identified an effective measure alleviate discomfort during high-dose intake. adjustment carbohydrate-to-fat ratio type found mitigate impact gender menstrual cycles substrate utilization. Modifying timing regulating concentration temperature solutions competition have facilitate coping elevated energy expenditure metabolic shift from fat carbohydrates, triggered factors, including special climatic conditions (e.g., high altitude, temperature, humidity, cold) emotional states pre-competition stress anxiety competition). To achieve precise major events under various competitive environments, it necessary quantitatively assess effects supported mechanistic studies. can be achieved utilizing wearable devices monitor entire competition, coupled data collection technologies, such high-throughput profiling. Furthermore, emerging analytics techniques, machine learning causal inference, should leveraged refine

Language: Английский

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Costa Rican Elite Female Athletes’ Experiences and Perceptions of the Menstrual Cycle on Sports Performance During the Competitive Season

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Objectives : In response to a research request about the subjectivities of female athletes and examination from non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) populations, this study aims investigate experiences Costa Rican elite concerning their menstrual cycle (MC) during competitive season. The investigation examined (a) how perceived impact MC on athletic performance in training competition, (b) strategies employed by these cope with adverse symptoms associated menstruation season, (c) phenomenon stigma within sporting context Rica. Method Thirteen semistructured interviews were carried out (age: 26.30 ± 4.1 years) both individual (athletics, triathlon, judo, boxing, fencing) team sports (soccer, volleyball, rugby). data analysis was conducted using Reflexive Thematic Analysis approach. Results Every athlete included experienced negative symptoms, while 92% ( n = 12) observed detrimental performance. Participants implemented various tactics effects performance, encompassing self-medication caring for hydration, sleep, nutrition needs. highlighted limited support information community due surrounding topic. Conclusions overarching findings underscore necessity initiating dialogue addressing poverty issues improve among mitigate possible health risks.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Oral Contraceptive Use on Muscle Hypertrophy Following Strength Training

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Oral contraceptives (OC) are widely used by women, while their interactions with strength training yet to be resolved. This study investigated the effects of OC use on muscle hypertrophy and adaptation heavy in young adult women. Fifteen habitual users 17 non-OC (NOC) regular menstrual cycles completed ~12 weeks training, which spanned three for NOC group. All participants were young, healthy, strength-untrained. Isometric knee-extensor strength, cross-sectional area vastus lateralis (ultrasound imaging), body composition (DXA) evaluate adaptations. Blood samples estradiol progesterone analyses, dietary registrations, questionnaires assessing appetite, vitality, motivation, recovery status, sleep duration collected during intervention period. Both groups experienced gains lean mass strength. However, group demonstrated a significantly larger increase arm (5.5% ± 3.9% [mean standard deviation] vs. 2.9% 2.8%, p < 0.05) (10.0% 4.1% 5.3% 4.4%, compared Despite these differences, there was no significant difference lower gains. reported similar levels intake, motivation exercise, perceived throughout study, although slept an average 42 min longer per day. Our findings suggest that potentiates growth further research is needed elucidate underlying mechanisms long-term effects.

Language: Английский

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Sports Supplement Use in Road Cycling: A Comparative Analysis by Sex and Competitive Category

Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 122 - 122

Published: April 16, 2025

This study analyzes and compares sports supplement (SS) consumption among federated road cyclists, considering sex competition category. The aim is to identify key factors influencing SS use provide insights for developing nutritional strategies in cycling. A cross-sectional, descriptive was conducted, involving 1503 cyclists (1231 men 272 women). Data were collected through a validated questionnaire assessing anthropometric data, training habits, patterns, sources of information. Results indicate that 64.3% currently SS. Women reported significantly higher rate (88.2%) compared (59.1%), although had average intake than women (8.28 ± 9.36 vs. 6.76 5.96). Additionally, decreased with age level, elite showing the highest prevalence (76.3%) master 50 lowest (58.4%). Group supplements (scientifically supported) most frequently used, while C (limited evidence) D substances (prohibited) more commonly consumed by men. Findings highlight significant differences based on reporting prevalence. However, number consumed. underscores need targeted education, particularly promote evidence-based minimize risks ineffective or unsafe supplementation. Future research should explore long-term effects cycling effectiveness educational interventions safe optimized supplementation practices.

Language: Английский

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Physical activity and metabolic syndrome in primary care patients in Spain

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0317593 - e0317593

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Purpose To determine the relationship between self-reported physical activity and components of premorbid metabolic syndrome in patients treated primary care according to sex. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on a sample 2,359 without cardiovascular disease or diabetes, included cohort IBERICAN study. Using ANOVA models adjusting for age, economic status, employment situation, level education, adherence Mediterranean diet, tobacco use alcohol consumption, we estimated association variables blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose waist circumference with (sedentary, moderate, high, very high). The analyses were performed stratifying by Results A total 854 men 1,505 women no identified diseases included. Women more sedentary than ( p <0.004; OR = 1,35; IC95% 1,10–1,65) presented lower values all syndrome, except HDL-cholesterol, which was higher (p<0.001). adjusted model shows that diastolic fasting glucose, significantly both (p<0.05). Conclusions Patients served clinics diabetes high levels showed better profiles. Given are sedentary, gender approaches needed promotion prevent disease.

Language: Английский

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Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Translation of Policy to Person: A Qualitative Analysis of Elite Athletes’ Perceptions of Pregnancy in the United Kingdom

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 16, 2025

Abstract Background An increasing number of female athletes are navigating an athletic career alongside pregnancy. Limited qualitative research has investigated the experiences elite in United Kingdom (UK). This study aimed to explore UK as they navigated pregnancy, employing a socio-ecological framework inform future and policy recommendations on sport participation during Methods A descriptive design, adopting relativist ontology constructivist epistemology, was implemented. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with ≥ 18 years old, who resided UK, trained and/or competed at highest level their prior Interviews recorded, transcribed analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Eleven (mean age 31 ± 3 years) from nine team individual sports participated study. Four key themes developed: (1) From Podium Parenthood: Institutional versus Individual Influence Reproductive Planning ; (2) Is My Career Over? Micro Level Support Macro Doubt Worry (3) Athlete Mother: Internal Conflict Community Role Model (4) Navigating Bump: Drive Tackle Systemic Gaps . Conclusions Findings highlight complexity face when motherhood sport. There is need for high-quality focusing preconception pregnancy-specific training nutrition modifications athletes, particularly regarding nutrient intake supplementation. Additionally, efforts improve translation evidence-based into practical applications remain essential.

Language: Английский

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Ergonutrition Supplementation and Recovery in Water Polo: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1319 - 1319

Published: April 10, 2025

Background: Water polo (WP) is a high-intensity team sport that requires combination of physical endurance, muscular strength, speed, and specific technical skills. Due to the demanding prolonged nature this sport, adequate balanced nutrition plays fundamental role in athletes’ performance, recovery, overall health maintenance. Objectives: We aimed compile all available information on importance ergonutrition supplementation recovery WP players. This will help understanding sport’s challenges requirements, enabling players coaches design more effective plans optimize achieve goals, successfully cope with intense training competition. Method: English-language publications were searched databases such as Web Science, Scopus, SciELO Citation Index, Medline (PubMed), KCI Korean Journal Database, Current Contents Connect using series keywords WP, nutrition, ergogenic aids individually or combination. Results: In field ergonutritional certain supplements whey protein, beta-alanine, L-arginine, spirulina, copper can be beneficial for improving performance recovery. some cases, athletes may consider further improve their process. However, it important bear mind any supplement should carefully evaluated under supervision professional sports nutritionist, present side effects unwanted interactions. Conclusions: Adequate adapted needs essential not only athletic but also ensure maintain long-term general well-being. The application these strategies evidence-based tailored individual demands sport. Future experimental research confirm our results essential.

Language: Английский

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Impact of sports nutrition education on awareness and knowledge among physical education majors and workers

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

This study aimed to investigate the current status and perceptions of nutrition education among sports majors workers in Korea provide information that can be utilized educational curriculums universities other external institutions for education. included Korean adults aged over 19 years who majored physical at a university. The questionnaire consisted questions regarding demographic characteristics (10 questions), nutritional awareness (20 General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ, 88 questions). survey was conducted entirely online using simple random sampling, 706 responses were final data analysis. An independent sample t-test one-way ANOVA confirm group differences. Post hoc pairwise comparisons with Tukey adjustment conducted. statistical significance level all set p < 0.05. Approximately 42% participants completed classes university 19.4% institutions. assessment their knowledge 3.06 ± 1.08 points (p 0.001) on 5-point Likert scale, had scoring higher 0.001).The GNKQ also found received scored sections, including total scores (total score, = 0.011; one section, 0.030; three 0.001). is crucial aspect cannot excluded from Therefore, government must increase lecture hours hands-on opportunities by incorporating diverse curricula education-related departments. approach will help create safer more systematic environment positively impact healthcare policies.

Language: Английский

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Caffeine’s influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 4, 2025

Caffeine's ergogenic potential in vertical jumping remains contested, particularly at dosages compliant with collegiate athletic regulations. The NCAA enforces a caffeine urinary threshold equivalent to ~5 mg/kg body mass, yet evidence supporting its efficacy enhancing explosive performance among trained athletes is inconsistent. This study examined whether acute ingestion this improves squat jump (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) Division II student-athletes, while exploring sex-specific responses trial-to-trial variability. Forty (18 females, 22 males; 21.3 ± 2.4 years) participated single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants ingested 5 or placebo, followed by SJ CMJ testing on force platform 60 minutes post-consumption. Three trials per type were retained preserve intra-individual variance. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) assessed fixed effects of condition, sex, trials, random intercepts slopes accounting for individual A priori power analyses guided sample size determination, targeting sensitivity detect small-to-medium (Cohen's f ≥ 0.2). Caffeine elicited trivial, non-significant differences (β = -0.24 cm, p 0.646) -0.71 0.183) heights compared placebo. Males outperformed females both (Δ 9.50 < 0.001) 11.30 0.001), though no condition-by-sex interactions emerged. Trial observed, improving 2.31 cm (p 1.05 0.014) from first second attempts, suggesting warm-up neuromuscular potentiation. High intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 0.76-0.85) underscored substantial interindividual Models demonstrated robust fit (conditional R2 0.86-0.92), sufficient medium-to-large (f 0.25). dose, thresholds, did not enhance habituated athletes, challenging prior assertions universal ergogenicity ballistic tasks. While sex baseline persisted, modulate these disparities, implicating anthropometric factors as primary determinants. absence aligns safety-focused policies but highlights the need personalized dosing strategies research into higher doses, genetic variability, hormonal influences. Future studies should integrate biomechanical metrics controlled assessments elucidate caffeine's nuanced role anaerobic sports.

Language: Английский

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