Iron oxide nanoparticles enhance alkaline stress resilience in bell pepper by modulating photosynthetic capacity, membrane integrity, carbohydrate metabolism, and cellular antioxidant defense

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commercially important and nutritionally rich vegetable crop in the Solanaceae family. Alkaline stress (AS) can disrupt growth, metabolism, and, particularly, nutritional quality. This study aims to evaluate role of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) mitigating AS enhancing plant growth metabolic functions by conducting experiments under controlled greenhouse conditions with four main treatments: (irrigating plants alkaline salts mixture solution); FeNP (foliar application Fe3O4 at 100 mg L−¹); + (integrated treatment FeNP); CK (control). The results clearly demonstrated that negatively affects biomass, photosynthetic attributes, membrane integrity, carbohydrate balance antioxidant system. Additionally, key phenolic flavonoid compounds decreased AS, indicating detrimental effect on plant's secondary metabolites. In contrast, not only improved attributes but also enhanced integrity restored balance. restoration was driven accumulation sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) starch, along metabolism enzymes—sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose (SuSy), neutral invertase (NI), vacuolar (VI)—and their associated gene expression. correlation analysis further revealed tight regulation both enzymatic transcript levels all tissue types, except for SPS roots. Furthermore, resulted increased phenolics (dihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, p-coumaric acid, sinapic p-OH benzoic benzaldehyde, ferulic acid) (dihydroquercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, quercetin) compared treatment, thus suggesting these metabolites likely contribute stabilization cellular structures membranes, ultimately supporting physiological resilience stress. conclusion, demonstrate potential bell against improving

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Potential Toxicity of Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles on Maize (Zea mays) at Early Development Stages

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1316 - 1316

Published: March 14, 2025

The effectiveness of iron oxide nanoparticles in enhancing crop plant development depends on their stabilization. In this study, the effect hyaluronic acid (HA), used both as a stabilizer for (HA-MNP) and independently, was evaluated maize seedlings. Different concentrations HA-MNP (0.625–7.5 mg/L) were tested alongside 0.01% HA solution. Growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase polyphenol oxidase), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll carotenoids), phenolic content, genotoxicity analyzed. While alone led to slight decreases seedling length, pigment levels compared control, it increased peroxidase activity mitotic index. Lower (below 2.5 enhanced growth, likely due improved uptake, whereas higher reduced content. All induced genotoxic effects, which proven by an index chromosomal aberrations, indicating positive defensive responses oxidative stress. These findings suggest complex interaction between HA, HA-MNP, seedlings, where play significant role modulating growth stress response, while may induce toxicity.

Language: Английский

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Cerium oxide nanoparticles alleviate drought stress in apple seedlings by regulating ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense, gene expression, and phytohormone balance

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 7, 2025

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental constraints that negatively affect growth and production crops worldwide. Recently, nanotechnology has been increasingly used to improve tolerance plants exposed abiotic stresses such as drought. The present study was designed investigate moderating effect cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on alleviating drought for apple cv. 'Red Delicious' M9 rootstock. caused a significant increase in CAT, GPX, APX, SOD enzyme activities compared control plants. decreased content macro microelements, application CeO2 NPs led changes these elements under stress. significantly reduced chlorophyll damage high levels. In addition, they alleviated by drought, which shown lower levels MDA EL. When were during stress, greatly increased abscisic acid indole-3-acetic hormone. response expression DREB1A DREB1E genes increased. use stressful non-stressful conditions had positive improving studied traits enhancing nutrient Taken together, findings suggest can be promising stress-reducing agents apples. Therefore, understanding mechanisms global horticulture role essential developing improved, drought-tolerant adoption measures deal with changing climatic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Eco-safe potential of FITC-tagged nFeO in enhancing alfalfa-rhizobia symbiosis and salt stress tolerance via physicochemical and ultrastructural modifications

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 118158 - 118158

Published: April 1, 2025

Salt stress severely limits global crop productivity by disrupting ionic balance, physiological processes, and cellular ultrastructure, particularly in salt-sensitive forages like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). Addressing this issue requires environmentally feasible innovative strategies. This study investigated the comparative potential of Nano-FeO FeSO4 (30 mg kg-1) soil supplements with rhizobium on salt tolerance employing morphological, physicochemical, approaches. The results demonstrated that FITC-nFeO significantly reduced Na+ uptake, enhanced K+ accumulation, improved Na+/K+ ratio roots shoots relative to FeSO4. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated ameliorated root ultracellular structure leaf stomatal functionality, facilitating gaseous exchange characteristics photosynthetic performance. Confocal laser scanning confirmed FITC-tagged nFeO adhesion roots, supported transmission findings preserved chloroplast ultrastructure under application. also mitigated oxidative damage ROS, as evidenced hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, through antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, comparison FeSO4, retrieved salt-induced damages promoting morpho-physiological integrity. highlights role nanotechnology enhancing resilience salt-contaminated soils, paving way for eco-friendly remediation

Language: Английский

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Interactions of Fe and Zn Nanoparticles at Physiochemical, Biochemical, and Molecular Level in Horticultural Crops Under Salt Stress: A Review

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 442 - 442

Published: April 21, 2025

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of horticultural crops. By raising levels sodium chlorine ions in plant cells, salinity disrupts various morphological, physiological, epigenetic, genetic traits, leading to excessive oxidative production. Through variety redox methods, plants can partially alleviate this disorder restore cell its initial state. At level, cellular adaptation plays potential role coping with all plants; however, if salt dose excessive, might not be able respond appropriately may even perish from stress. Scientists have proposed many solutions issue recent years. One newest most effective technologies enter field nanotechnology, which has produced some extremely impressive outcomes. However, molecular mechanism interaction between nanoparticles crops remains unclear. In order take step toward resolving current doubts for researchers field, we attempted conclude articles regarding how iron oxide (FeO-NPs) zinc (ZnO–NPs) could aid salt-stressed restoring function under saline conditions horticulture Further, different inoculation modes NPs mediated changes physiological attributes; biochemical expressions been discussed. This article also discussed limitations, risk, challenges food chain.

Language: Английский

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Seed priming with cold plasma, iron, and manganese nanoparticles modulates salinity stress in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by improving germination, growth, and biochemical attributes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(57), P. 65315 - 65327

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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