Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(24), P. 5765 - 5765
Published: Dec. 17, 2023
As
one
of
the
major
water
supply
systems
for
inland
rivers,
especially
in
arid
and
semi-arid
regions,
snow
cover
strongly
affects
hydrological
cycles.
In
this
study,
remote
sensing
datasets
combined
with
in-situ
observation
data
from
a
route
survey
were
used
to
investigate
changes
parameters
on
Chinese
Altai
Mountains
2000
2022,
responses
climate
hydrology
also
discussed.
The
annual
frequency
(SCF),
area,
depth
(SD),
density
45.03%,
2.27
×
104
km2,
23.4
cm,
~0.21
g·cm−3,
respectively.
equivalent
ranged
0.58
km3
1.49
km3,
an
average
1.12
km3.
Higher
lower
SCF
mainly
distributed
at
high
elevations
both
sides
Irtysh
river.
maximum
minimum
occurred
Burqin
River
Basin
Lhaster
Basin.
years
SCF,
abnormal
westerly
airflow
was
favorable
vapor
transport
Mountains,
resulting
strong
snowfall,
vice
versa
low
SCF.
There
significant
seasonal
differences
impact
temperature
precipitation
regional
changes.
snowmelt
runoff
ratios
11.2%,
25.30%,
8.04%,
30.22%,
11.56%
Irtysh,
Kayit,
Haba,
Kelan,
Basins.
Snow
meltwater
has
made
contribution
Mountains.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(6), P. 1085 - 1085
Published: March 20, 2024
Snow
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
global
water
cycle,
providing
to
over
20%
of
world’s
population
and
serving
as
vital
component
for
flora,
fauna,
climate
regulation.
Changes
snow
patterns
due
warming
have
far-reaching
impacts
on
management,
agriculture,
other
economic
sectors
such
winter
tourism.
Additionally,
they
implications
environmental
stability,
prompting
migration
cultural
shifts
snow-dependent
communities.
Accurate
information
its
variables
is,
thus,
essential
both
scientific
understanding
societal
planning.
This
review
explores
potential
remote
sensing
monitoring
equivalent
(SWE)
large
scale,
analyzing
164
selected
publications
from
2000
2023.
Categorized
by
methodology
content,
analysis
reveals
growing
interest
topic,
with
concentration
research
North
America
China.
Methodologically,
there
is
shift
passive
microwave
(PMW)
inversion
algorithms
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
particularly
Random
Forest
(RF)
neural
network
(NN)
approaches.
A
majority
studies
integrate
PMW
data
auxiliary
information,
focusing
thematically
research,
limited
incorporation
into
broader
contexts.
Long-term
(>30
years)
suggest
general
decrease
SWE
Northern
Hemisphere,
though
regional
seasonal
variations
exist.
Finally,
suggests
future
directions
addressing
issues,
downsampling
detailed
analyses,
conducting
interdisciplinary
studies,
incorporating
forecasting
enable
more
widespread
applications.
Frontiers in Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: March 19, 2025
Seasonal
snowpack
is
a
crucial
water
resource,
making
accurate
Snow
Water
Equivalent
(SWE)
estimation
essential
for
management
and
environmental
assessment.
This
study
introduces
novel
approach
to
Passive
Microwave
(PMW)
SWE
estimation,
leveraging
the
strong,
unexpected
correlation
between
Spatial
Standard
Deviation
(SSD)
of
PMW
Calibrated
Enhanced-Resolution
Brightness
Temperatures
(CETB).
By
integrating
spatial
statistics,
linear
correlation,
machine
learning
(Linear
Regression,
Random
Forest,
GBoost,
XGBoost),
SHapley
Additive
exPlanations
(SHAP)
analysis,
this
research
evaluates
CETB
SSD
as
key
feature
improve
estimations
or
other
retrievals
by
investigating
drivers
SSD.
Analysis
at
three
sites—Monument
Creek,
AK;
Mud
Flat,
ID;
Jones
Pass,
CO—reveals
site-specific
variability,
showing
correlations
0.64,
0.82,
0.72
with
SNOTEL
SWE,
0.67,
0.89,
0.67
PMW-derived
respectively.
Among
sites,
Monument
Creek
exhibits
highest
ML
model
accuracy,
Forest
XGBoost
achieving
test
R
2
values
0.89
RMSEs
ranging
from
0.37
0.39
[K]
when
predicting
SHAP
analysis
highlights
driver
while
soil
moisture
plays
larger
role
Pass.
In
snow-dominated
regions
less
surface
heterogeneity,
such
SSDs
can
capturing
snow
variability.
complex
environments
like
aid
accounting
factors
that
impact
dynamics.
enhance
remote
sensing
capabilities
across
diverse
environments,
benefiting
hydrological
modeling
resource
management.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(24), P. 4756 - 4756
Published: Dec. 20, 2024
High
spatial
resolution
snow
depth
(SD)
is
crucial
for
hydrological,
ecological,
and
disaster
research.
However,
passive
microwave
SD
product
(10/25
km)
increasingly
insufficient
to
meet
contemporary
requirements
due
its
coarse
resolution,
particularly
in
heterogeneous
alpine
areas.
In
this
study,
we
develop
a
superior
downscaling
algorithm
based
on
the
FT-Transformer
(Feature
Tokenizer
+
Transformer)
model,
termed
FTSD.
This
fuses
latest
calibrated
enhanced
brightness
temperature
(CETB)
(3.125/6.25
with
daily
cloud-free
optical
data
(500
m),
including
cover
fraction
(SCF)
days
(SCD).
Developed
evaluated
using
42,692
ground
measurements
across
China
from
2000
2020,
FTSD
demonstrated
notable
improvements
accuracy
of
retrieval.
Specifically,
RMSE
temporal
spatiotemporal
independent
validation
7.64
cm
9.74
cm,
respectively,
indicating
reliable
generalizability
stability.
Compared
long-term
series
(25
km,
=
10.77
cm),
m,
7.67
cm)
provides
accuracy,
especially
improved
by
48%
deep
(>
40
cm).
Moreover,
higher
effectively
captures
SD’s
heterogeneity
mountainous
regions
China.
When
compared
algorithms
utilizing
raw
TB
traditional
random
forest
CETB
model
optimize
10.08%
4.84%,
which
demonstrates
superiority
regarding
sources
regression
methods.
Collectively,
these
results
demonstrate
that
innovative
exhibits
performance
has
potential
provide
robust
foundation
meteorological
environmental
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
61, P. 1 - 14
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Utilizing
global
navigation
satellite
system
interferometric
reflectometry
(GNSS-IR)
technology
to
obtain
snow
depth
(SD)
has
the
advantages
of
all-day,
low
cost
and
large
amount
available
data.
At
present,
there
is
still
a
lack
in-depth
research
on
influence
weak
surface
fluctuation
SD
inversion.
In
this
paper,
we
investigate
GNSS-IR
retrieval
by
analyzing
variation
reflection
height
in
different
azimuths
through
clustering
based
satellites
during
snow-free
period,
correction
value
each
cluster
obtained
correct
snowy
most
probable
daily
multi-azimuth
multi-satellite
fusion.
order
prove
rationality
effectiveness
proposed
method,
data
two
GNSS
observation
stations
(AB33
P351)
with
elevations
from
Plate
Boundary
Observation
(PBO)
are
used
carry
out
experiments.
The
results
show
that
accuracy
fusion
after
improved
significantly.
correlation
coefficient
(R)
increased
5.04%,
root
mean
square
error
(RMSE)
decreased
43.49%,
absolute
(MAE)
47.62%.
Additionally,
average
R,
RMSE,
MAE
0.99,
0.02m
0.01m
respectively.
(ME)
methods
also
significantly
reduced.
study
provides
insightful
new
ideas
for
inverting
using
signals.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
62, P. 1 - 12
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
absence
of
pixel-scale
ground
measurements
presents
a
notable
challenge
in
the
creation
and
validation
passive
microwave
snow
depth
(SD)
inversion
models,
due
to
huge
scale
mismatch
between
remotely
sensed
pixels.
coarse
spatial
resolution
remote
sensing
products
further
complicates
accurate
representation
detailed
SD
information
space,
particularly
mountainous
regions.
In
this
study,
values
were
generated
using
regression
kriging
(RK)
simple
averaging
(SA)
point-to-surface
upscaling
their
impact
on
two
downscaling
Chang's
best
subset
models
evaluated,
respectively.
results
indicate
that
RK
model
exhibits
superior
accuracy
alignment
with
observed
SD,
yielding
root-mean-square
error
(RMSE)
mean
absolute
(MAE)
1.75
1.41
cm,
performance
SA
is
affected
by
thickness
within
quadrat,
RMSE
MAE
2.35
1.92
However,
does
not
significantly
influence
algorithm.
Nevertheless,
model,
utilizing
ascending
brightness
temperature
data
simulated
measurements,
achieves
ideal
suitability
for
complex
terrain
areas,
2.04
1.53
This
study
expected
provide
valuable
insights
developing
strategies
addressing
effect
challenges
inversion.