The microbiota: a crucial mediator in gut homeostasis and colonization resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract influences various aspects health. These microbes are closely related to enteric infections. As foreign entity for host, commensal restricted regulated by barrier immune system in contributes homeostasis. Commensals also effectively resist colonization pathogens overgrowth indigenous pathobionts utilizing variety mechanisms, while have developed strategies subvert resistance. Dysbiosis microbial can lead acts as pivotal mediator establishing harmonious mutualistic symbiosis with host shielding against pathogens. This review aims provide comprehensive overview mechanisms underlying host-microbiome microbiome-pathogen interactions, highlighting multi-faceted roles preventing We discuss applications manipulating treat infectious diseases gut.

Language: Английский

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Current progresses and challenges for microbiome research in human health: a perspective

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 4, 2024

It is becoming increasingly clear that the human microbiota, also known as “the hidden organ”, possesses a pivotal role in numerous processes involved maintaining physiological functions of host, such nutrient extraction, biosynthesis bioactive molecules, interplay with immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, well resistance to colonization potential invading pathogens. In last decade, development metagenomic approaches based on sequencing bacterial 16s rRNA gene via Next Generation Sequencing, followed by whole genome third generation technologies, has been one great advances molecular biology, allowing better profiling microbiota composition and, hence, deeper understanding importance etiopathogenesis different pathologies. this scenario, it utmost comprehensively characterize relation disease pathogenesis, order develop novel treatment or preventive strategies manipulating microbiota. Therefore, perspective will focus progress, challenges, promises current future technological for microbiome analysis.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 31, 2024

Millions of microorganisms make up the complex microbial ecosystem found in human gut. The immune system's interaction with gut microbiota is essential for preventing inflammation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Numerous metabolic products that can cross-talk between cells epithelium are metabolized by microbiota. Traumatic injury elicits a great multifaceted response minutes after initial offense, containing simultaneous pro- anti-inflammatory responses. development innovative therapies improve patient outcomes depends on immunological responses to trauma. altered makeup microbes, or dysbiosis, also dysregulate responses, resulting inflammation. Major diseases may become more common as result chronic dysbiosis translocation bacteria their metabolism beyond mucosal barrier. In this review, we briefly summarize interactions system disease therapeutic probiotic formulations. We discuss traumatic injury.

Language: Английский

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Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 41(2)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Mammalian milk contains a variety of complex bioactive and nutritional components microorganisms. These microorganisms have diverse compositions functional roles that impact host health disease pathophysiology, especially mastitis. The advent use high throughput omics technologies, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metametabolomics, as well culturomics in microbiome studies suggest strong relationships between phenotype signatures While single undoubtedly contributed to our current understanding mastitis, they often provide limited information, targeting only biological viewpoint which is insufficient system-wide information necessary for elucidating the footprints molecular mechanisms driving mastitis dysbiosis. Therefore, integrating multi-omics approach research could generate new knowledge, improve structural ecosystem, insights sustainable control management.

Language: Английский

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Engineering Useful Microbial Species for Pharmaceutical Applications

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: March 5, 2025

Microbial engineering has made a significant breakthrough in pharmaceutical biotechnology, greatly expanding the production of biologically active compounds, therapeutic proteins, and novel drug candidates. Recent advancements genetic engineering, synthetic biology, adaptive evolution have contributed to optimization microbial strains for applications, playing crucial role enhancing their productivity stability. The CRISPR-Cas system is widely utilized as precise genome modification tool, enabling enhancement metabolite biosynthesis activation biological pathways. Additionally, biology approaches allow targeted design microorganisms with improved metabolic efficiency potential, thereby accelerating development new products. integration artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) plays vital further advancing by predicting network interactions, optimizing bioprocesses, discovery process. However, challenges such efficient pathways, ensuring sustainable industrial-scale production, meeting international regulatory requirements remain critical barriers field. Furthermore, mitigate potential risks, it essential develop stringent biocontainment strategies implement appropriate oversight. This review comprehensively examines recent innovations analyzing key technological advancements, challenges, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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A single microfluidic device for multi-omics analysis sample preparation

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The ChipFilter device is suited to prepare microorganism samples for parallel proteomic and genomic analyses, which particularly relevant in the case of low-abundant drastically reduces sampling bias.

Language: Английский

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HIV and the gut microbiome: future research hotspots and trends

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Background The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has transformed AIDS into a chronic infectious disease, but issues inflammation and immune system activation persist. Modulating the gut microbiome patients may improve this situation, yet specific association mechanisms between HIV remain unclear. This study aims to explore research hotspots trends microbiome, providing direction for future research. Methods We conducted search Web Science Core Collection database up April 30, 2024 retrieve articles related relationship microbiome. scientific achievements frontiers in field were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix statistical software. Results As 2024, total 379 met inclusion criteria. number publications peaked 2023, published after 2020 declined. country with highest was United States (184 articles), institution most University Colorado (USA) (21 articles). author Routy Jean-Pierre (Canada) (14 High-frequency keywords, aside from key terms, included “HIV,” “inflammation,” “immune activation,” “gut microbiota,” “translocation.” Keyword burst results indicated that short-chain fatty acids, T cells obesity might become focus Conclusion should prioritize examining role primary metabolite, reducing inflammation. Another emerging area interest could be investigation annual increase rates within field. Furthermore, understanding metabolic acids is essential. Additionally, multi-omics analysis holds potential.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota therapy in gastrointestinal diseases

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

The human gut microbiota, consisting of trillions microorganisms, plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal (GI) health and disease. Dysbiosis, an imbalance microbial composition, has been linked to range GI disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, colorectal cancer. These conditions are influenced by the interactions between host immune system, gut-brain axis. Recent research highlighted potential for microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary modifications, restore balance alleviate symptoms. This review examines pathogenesis common diseases explores emerging approaches aimed at modulating microbiome. We discuss scientific foundations these interventions, their clinical effectiveness, challenges implementation. underscores microbiome-targeted treatments novel approach managing offering personalized alternative options conventional therapies. As this field continues evolve, interventions hold promise improving treatment prevention diseases.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Fungi Within the Human Gut Microbiota: Obstacles, Innovations, Therapeutic Applications and Prospects Ahead

International Journal of Drug Discovery and Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100007 - 100007

Published: April 9, 2025

Review Exploring Fungi Within the Human Gut Microbiota: Obstacles, Innovations, Therapeutic Applications and Prospects Ahead Peng Xue 1,†, Chao Luo 2,†, Jiashu Li 3, Liang Yang 3,* Yuanyuan Ma 1,* 1 Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department Occupational Medicine School Public Health, University, 226019, China 2 The People’s Hospital Rugao, Affiliated Rugao Xinglin College, 226500, 3 Medicine, Southern University Science Technology, Shenzhen 518055, * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.Y.); [email protected] (Y.M.) Received: 15 September 2024; Revised: 23 October Accepted: Published: 9 April 2025 Abstract: in human gut microbiota participate maintenance health regulation physiological processes. This review examines complex role fungi, highlighting challenges such as diverse fungal populations, cultivation difficulties, knowledge gaps their functional roles. Recent advancements metagenomics metabolomics have enabled innovative investigations into communities, revealing influence on host metabolism immune responses. Future research should address existing explore therapeutic applications fungi. Interdisciplinary collaborations new methodologies are proposed to enhance current understanding fungi-host interactions, ultimately improving outcomes guide development novel treatment strategies. emphasizes need integrate microbiome studies provide a comprehensive health.

Language: Английский

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Integrated network pharmacology, metabolomics, and microbiome studies to reveal the therapeutic effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum in PD–MCI mice

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 156729 - 156729

Published: April 12, 2025

Anacyclus pyrethrum (l.) DC has potential value in treating Parkinson's disease (PD)-mild cognitive impairment (MCI), manifesting as impaired memory, attention, executive function, and language. However, the specific targets modes of action A. remain unclear. The aim this study was to identify active components examine their effectiveness a mouse model PD-MCI. We generated ethanol extracts root (EEAP) identified its related using UHPLC-MS/MS network pharmacology.The PD-MCI induced via intraperitoneal administration 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP). After following continuous EEAP,Altered learning or well anxiety, were tested morris water maze, eight-arm radial arm maze (RAM), open-field test,elevated plus-maze. Brain histopathology ultrastructural changes examined brightfield microscopy, electron respectively. Furthermore, protein expression assessed western blotting.Stool samples used for metabolomics analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing determine compositional gut microbiota.We conducted short-chain fatty acid targeted experiment role gut-brain axis Using UPLC-MS-MS, 126 compounds from samples.After searching databases literature reports, 31 544 drug-disease screened. Biological processes molecular functions, such energy channels, cell signaling, metabolism, discovered through GO analysis. showed that average swimming distance escape latency mice EEAP groups decreased. had much higher number errors working memory than control mice. In open field experiment, compared with group, group exhibited an increase movement speed total distance, along decrease residence time.In elevated plus less anxiety Model. Donepezil/Levodopa(D/l) mitigated anxiety-like behavior, (100-400 mg/kg) dose-dependent open-arm metrics, suggesting it may ease mice.Hippocampal tissue treated different doses intact cellular layers hematoxylin-eosin-stained cones slightly better;cells arranged neatly; morphology normal, distributed uniformly. Electron microscopy revealed nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleoli clearly demarcated hippocampus EEAP, contrary group. brain lighter thinner bands amyloid precursor (APP) Aβ observed those mice, APP blank shown stronger bands. EEAP-treated weaker, indicating reduced expression. lower Bcl-2 Bax levels. treatment increased decreased expression.Compared substantially low glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase (CAT)activity (p < 0.05),much 0.05) EEAP-H model. intervention significantly modulated fecal metabolic profile abundance steroid lipid metabolites, including linoleylethanolamine, markedly altered reversing several these abnormalities. PLS-DA OPLS-DA significant separation between (Q2= 0.542, p 0.01), confirming effect. Random forest 15 key markers, d-glutamine hydrocodone. Metabolic pathway demonstrated enrichment phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan arginine biosynthesis pathways 0.05). Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved AUC approaching 1, substantial differences metabolite profiles. influenced composition functional intestinal microbiota. Venn diagram illustrates each shared 342 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 400 exhibiting distinct Bacteroidetes proportion. LEfSe g_Prevotella characteristic bacterium c_Epsilonproteobacteria g_Adlercreutzia 100 Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) index highest Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS)/Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) microbial community structure. Short-chain acids (SCFAs) indicated acetic predominant metabolite, while dose-dependently regulated propionic isovaleric levels (VIP > 0.001). These findings demonstrate exerts regulatory effects reshaping structure functions holds great promise therapeutic agent PD-MCI, exerting multiple mechanisms, regulating expression, modulating profile, microbiota metabolites.

Language: Английский

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