Mechanisms of radiation‐induced tissue damage and response

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(10)

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Radiation-induced tissue injury (RITI) is the most common complication in clinical tumor radiotherapy. Due to heterogeneity response of different tissues radiation (IR), radiotherapy will cause types and degrees RITI, which greatly limits application Efforts are continuously ongoing elucidate molecular mechanism RITI develop corresponding prevention treatment drugs for RITI. Single-cell sequencing (Sc-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool uncovering mechanisms identifying potential targets by enhancing our understanding complex intercellular relationships, facilitating identification novel cell phenotypes, allowing assessment spatiotemporal developmental trajectories. Based on comprehensive review we analyzed regulatory networks combination with Sc-seq summarized targeted intervention pathways therapeutic Deciphering diverse underlying can shed light its pathogenesis unveil new avenues potentially facilitate repair or regeneration currently irreversible Furthermore, discuss how personalized strategies based offer promise mitigating

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism and AMPK/mTOR pathway mediate antidepressant-like effect of Shugan Hewei Decoction

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Introduction Depression is a common psychological disorder, accompanied by disturbance of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Recently, microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism AMPK/mTOR pathway were found to be strongly linked development depression. Shugan Hewei Decoction (SHD) classical anti-depression traditional Chinese medicine formula. Although, we have shown that SHD exerted antidepressant effects via cecal cecum NLRP3 inflammasome, specific mechanism on driven unknown. In this study, focus elucidate multifaceted mechanisms SHD. Methods Male rats established chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)/social isolation for 6 weeks, SHD-L (7.34 g/kg/d), SHD-H (14.68 Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) (3.15 g/kg/d) given intragastric administration once daily during last 2 weeks. Behavioral experiments carried out evaluate model. The colonic content was taken shotgun metagenomic sequencing combined with untargeted metabolomics, targeted metabolomics. ELISA used detect levels zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), Occludin in colon, as well lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (DLA) serum. expressions mRNA proteins adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) autophagy examined using RT-qPCR Western blot colon. Results modulated function biological pathways, which related metabolism. addition, could regulate production (such reduction 3-HK, 3-HAA etc., increment ILA, IAA etc.), metabolites belong kynurenine (KYN) indole derivatives. Further, reduced intestinal permeability enhanced barrier function. Moreover, upregulate AMPK, microtubule associated light chain 3 (LC3), 5 (ATG5) Beclin1, downregulate mTOR, p62, promoted Spearman’s analysis illustrated close correlation between barrier, pathway. Conclusion may exert antidepressant-like regulating metabolism, triggering autophagy, enhancing

Language: Английский

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Amonabactin Synthetase G Regulates Aeromonas hydrophila Pathogenicity Through Modulation of Host Wnt/β-catenin Signaling

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 195 - 195

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Background/Objectives: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant opportunistic pathogen with broad host range. It produces catecholate siderophore, amonabactin, during iron starvation, but the in vivo infection mechanism that involves amonabactin unclear. This study aims to elucidate role of synthetase G (AmoG) pathogenicity A. and its impact on gut barrier function. Methods: ΔAmoG was generated by deleting AMP-binding domain AmoG CCL1. In experiments were conducted assess mutant’s iron-chelating ability pathogenicity. Complementation (ΔAmoG-C) performed confirm observed phenotypes. Transcriptomic qRT-PCR analyses used investigate gene expression changes infected fish. Goblet cell counts, tight junction expression, D-lactic acid LPS levels measured evaluate Results: exhibited impaired reduced compared wild-type restored virulence ΔAmoG-C. revealed an elevated Wnt/β-catenin pathway components antimicrobial genes ΔAmoG-infected Further investigation indicated increased goblet cells enhanced junctions, as well lower levels, However, permeability, bacterial load, lethality did not significantly differ between CCL1, ΔAmoG, ΔAmoG-C infections when activated. Conclusions: plays crucial modulating signaling mucosal provides insights into pathogenesis potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Metformin-mediated intestinal AMPK activation ameliorates PCOS through gut microbiota modulation and metabolic pathways

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder characterized by metabolic and ovulatory dysfunctions, often associated with an imbalance in gut microbiota. Despite current treatments, effective management strategies targeting underlying mechanisms remain limited. In this study, we used rat model of PCOS induced letrozole high-fat diet. The effect intestinal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was evaluated through metformin administration, the most commonly AMPK activator. We analyzed parameters, functions, microbiota composition, serum levels Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A), metabolite involved inflammation apoptosis regulation. Metformin treatment significantly reversed disorders restored functions rats. Moreover, led to notable improvements composition increase I3A levels, which have been shown mitigate apoptosis. This study highlights therapeutic potential managing PCOS. By improving both reproductive health, may offer promising approach for restoring physiological balance patients.

Language: Английский

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Supplementing Limosilactobacillus reuteri FN041 alleviates hypercholesterolemia by promoting indole-3-carboxaldehyde production by gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106393 - 106393

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Integrated single cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses reveal the impact of tryptophan metabolism on prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Chronic Diseases: Interactions, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3752 - 3752

Published: April 16, 2025

The gut microbiota, shaped by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetics, plays a pivotal role in regulating host metabolism, immune function, overall health. diversity balance of the microbiota are closely linked to onset progression various chronic diseases. A growing body evidence has demonstrated that alterations composition, metabolites significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure; metabolic disorders obesity, type 2 diabetes, dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; gastrointestinal conditions like inflammatory bowel disease colorectal cancer. Despite substantial advances microbiome research, challenges remain fully elucidating causal relationships between disease, well translating these insights into clinical applications. This review aims investigate regulatory pathways via which affects health, disease. Additionally, it highlights emerging strategies for prevention treatment conditions, focusing on microbiota-targeted therapies personalized dietary interventions promising approaches improving health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Bacillus Coagulans BC99 Protects Ionizing Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury and Modulates Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Mice

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

ABSTRACT The gastrointestinal tract is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), which causes radiation‐induced intestinal injury (RIII). There are no effective drugs available for RIII in routine clinical treatment, a major limiting factor during the process of radiotherapy pelvic abdominal malignancies. In this study, we aimed elucidate potential probiotic Bacillus coagulans BC99 ( B.coagulans BC99) preventing RIII. C57BL/6J mice were gavage‐administered with 30 days and then exposed single dose 12 Gy x‐ray whole irradiation (WAI). treatment could mitigate by weight loss, maintaining integrity structure barrier, improving inflammatory symptoms, modulating oxidative stress, regulating composition gut microbiota, thereby reestablishing homeostasis. addition, radioprotective mechanism was closely related microbiota‐derived metabolites. This study offers novel perspective advancing probiotic‐based treatments enhancing strategies prevention

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotics in the chemoradiotherapy of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Self-Renewal, Differentiation, and Immunomodulation of Adult Stem Cells

Immune Network, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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