Hydrochloric Acid Hypersecretion as the Cause of Pathology in the Upper Digestive Tract: Literature Analysis

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Current literature tends to treat diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract as separate nosologically forms, with limited exploration their potential shared etiology and pathogenesis. In addition organic lesions, a group functional is described, nature which allegedly associated disorders gut-brain interaction. This study shows that protect body from effects hydrochloric acid enzymes, has created an effective defense, works at level myenteric reflex, including intermuscular nerve plexuses, Cajal cells, in cooperation enzymes hormones. evidence leaves no room for speculation about role CNS involved this process. Some genetic features, such lactose intolerance, well food allergies, overeating obesity, destroy defense against aggressive gastric juice, causes damage mucosa, leads inflammatory reaction changes function intestine. Evidence suggests many arise processes Hypersecretion damages all parts digestive stomach, esophagus, duodenum biliary system. Therefore, clinical picture may include symptoms these organs different combinations. Depression patients be chronic over extended periods. The process increase tone tract, colon anal canal, explains occurrence constipation patients. There reason believe so-called are accompanied by intestinal mucosa because wall acid, pepsin or bile. hypothesis, pathogenesis acquired pathology presented discussion.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the psychological tapestry of FGIDs: unveiling the impact of negative affect, rumination, and expression suppression

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of Microbiota on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pathogenesis and Management: A Narrative Review

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 109 - 109

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, affecting 3–5% of the global population and significantly impacting patients’ quality life healthcare resources. Alongside physical symptoms such as abdominal pain altered habits, many individuals experience psychological comorbidities, including anxiety depression. Recent research has highlighted critical role gut microbiota in IBS, with dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance microbial diversity, frequently observed patients. The gut–brain axis, bidirectional communication network between central nervous system, plays development IBS symptoms. Although interventions probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT) have demonstrated potential modulating alleviating symptoms, their efficacy remains area ongoing investigation. This review examines interactions microbiota, immune brain, emphasizing need for personalized therapeutic strategies. Future should aim to identify reliable microbiota-based biomarkers refine microbiome-targeted therapies enhance patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Mental health is a serious issue, with mental disorders affecting millions of people globally. Gut microbiota has received considerable attention because its potential role in the pathogenesis disorders. This systematic review synthesized 15 studies exploring effects gut microbiome on depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, qualitative quantitative insights. The were conducted different countries employed various methods including 16S rRNA sequencing metagenomic analysis sample sizes varying from 50 to 600. Some key findings that depression was associated reduced microbial diversity high levels Firmicutes, anxiety low short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria Proteobacteria. Schizophrenia related endotoxemia reduction Lactobacillus count whereas disorder displayed shift Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Of interest, probiotics dietary changes as effective drug treatment leading symptom alleviation many patients. It found linked less diverse while an increase inflammatory bacteria. People also have patterns. emphasizes importance pathophysiology promising value targeting microbiomes pharmacological approaches.

Language: Английский

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Dual Role of α-MSH in Colitis Progression: Mediating Neutrophil Differentiation via Bone Marrow

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 2011 - 2029

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of autoimmune disorders characterized by chronicity and resistance to cure, with an unknown etiology. Recent studies on the brain-gut axis suggest that central nervous system (CNS), particularly hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA), may play crucial role in modulating immune influencing progression. However, specific mechanism HPA IBD pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aims investigate alterations its potential roles during development. Methods: We utilized dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model mice employed immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among other techniques, evaluate impact HPA. Additionally, we used flow cytometry, adeno-associated virus-mediated gene silence, parabiosis single-cell RNA sequencing uncover mechanisms colitis. Results: Our results indicate activates secretion increases α-MSH. α-MSH acts MC5R present surface hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bone marrow, altering marrow microenvironment promoting HSCs proliferation differentiation into neutrophils. process enhances clearance pathogenic microorganisms acute phase colitis, while inducing sustained inflammatory responses remission phase. Conclusion: In summary, our demonstrates dual activation induced IBD. These findings offer vital guidance for optimizing personalized treatment IBD, emphasizing importance carefully managing timing dosage effective clinical application. Keywords: α-MSH, cells, neutrophils, inflammation

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus johnsonii HL79 modulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis to protect cognitive function in mice chronically exposed to high altitude

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 7, 2025

Introduction High-altitude environments have significant effects on brain function, particularly a decline in cognitive due to insufficient oxygen supply. The microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays an important role regulating but its specific mechanism of action high-altitude is unclear. Therefore, the aim this study was investigate whether probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii HL79 could alleviate high altitude-induced dysfunction mice by modulating gut microbiota. Methods and results Sixty C57BL/6 aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control, altitude exposure (HA), HL79-treated (P), plus (HAP). HA HAP groups exposed low-pressure chamber at simulated 3,500–4,000 m for 20 weeks, while Control P maintained normal barometric pressure level. Probiotic given daily gavage groups, saline other two groups. functions assessed new object recognition test elevated maze test. showed that treatment significantly improved working memory abilities mice. In addition, antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) activities serum whole tissue. Gut microbiota analysis able modulate structure increase relative abundance beneficial flora environment. Conclusion ameliorated altitude-exposed further confirming MGBA

Language: Английский

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Absolute Quantitative Metagenomic Analysis Provides More Accurate Insights for the Anti-Colitis Effect of Berberine via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 400 - 400

Published: March 11, 2025

Current gut microbiota studies often rely on relative quantitative sequencing. However, under certain circumstances, while the abundance of these bacteria may remain stable, absolute quantities specific can vary considerably. Since function is directly linked to their total numbers, quantification crucial. This study aims identify optimal method for microbiome analysis by comparing and Using ulcerative colitis, which closely associated with microbiota, as a disease model berberine (which affects microbiota) versus sodium butyrate does not) drugs, methods were used evaluate varying effects different drugs regulation in UC-affected animals. The regulatory BBR further synthesized identified earlier using an individual-based meta-analysis, we compared findings our sequencing results. results from more consistent actual microbial community, suggesting that measurements might not accurately reflect true species. Moreover, meta-analysis only partially sometimes opposed, analyses are prone misinterpretation incorrect correlation underscores importance representing counts sample evaluating modulatory microbiome, plays vital role microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Disorders of gut-brain interaction are a new challenge of our increasingly complex society, with worldwide repercussions

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: March 18, 2025

The term disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) encompasses gastrointestinal that globally affect more than one third all people. Rome IV criteria replaced the former “functional disorders.“ DGBIs can seriously challenge health and quality life (QoL). A traditional but outdated approach differentiated “organic” vs “functional“ disorders, seen by some as real psychiatric or undefined ones. This distinction did not help patients whose QoL are affected. include motility disturbance; visceral hypersensitivity; altered mucosal immune function; central nervous system processing, more. Several both children adolescents. characterized clusters symptoms. Their pathophysiology relates to combinations motility, sensitivity, function, Routine investigations find no structural abnormality would easily explain Symptom-based were developed better understand where mechanistic explanation was available for clinical practice inclusion into trials. To ways treat them, these rigid views fall short.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in therapeutic probiotics: insights from human trials

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

SUMMARY Recent advances in therapeutic probiotics have shown promising results across various health conditions, reflecting a growing understanding of the human microbiome’s role and disease. However, comprehensive reviews integrating diverse effects subjects been limited. By analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meta-analyses, this review provides overview key developments probiotic interventions targeting gut, liver, skin, vaginal, mental, oral health. Emerging evidence supports efficacy specific strains combinations treating wide range disorders, from gastrointestinal (GI) liver diseases to dermatological bacterial vaginosis, mental diseases. We discuss expanding microbiome-organ connections underlying mechanisms action. While many clinical demonstrate significant benefits, we acknowledge areas requiring further large-scale studies establish definitive optimal treatment protocols. The addresses challenges standardizing research methodologies emphasizes importance considering individual variations microbiome composition host genetics. Additionally, explore emerging concepts such as oral-gut-brain axis future directions, including high-resolution profiling, host-microbe interaction studies, organoid models, artificial intelligence applications research. Overall, offers update on current state multiple domains health, providing insights into directions potential for revolutionize preventive medicine.

Language: Английский

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Weichang' an pill alleviates functional dyspepsia through modulating brain-gut peptides and gut microbiota.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 1177 - 1186

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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