International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(17), P. 9181 - 9181
Published: Aug. 25, 2021
In
recent
years,
enzymes
have
risen
as
promising
therapeutic
tools
for
different
pathologies,
from
metabolic
deficiencies,
such
fibrosis
conditions,
ocular
pathologies
or
joint
problems,
to
cancer
cardiovascular
diseases.
Treatments
based
on
the
catalytic
activity
of
are
able
convert
a
wide
range
target
molecules
restore
correct
physiological
metabolism.
These
treatments
present
several
advantages
compared
established
approaches
thanks
their
affinity
and
specificity
properties.
However,
some
challenges,
short
in
vivo
half-life,
lack
targeted
action
and,
particular,
patient
immune
system
reaction
against
enzyme.
For
this
reason,
it
is
important
monitor
serum
response
during
treatment.
This
can
be
achieved
by
conventional
techniques
(ELISA)
but
also
new
microarrays.
assays
gained
popularity
due
high-throughput
analysis
capacity,
simplicity,
potential
patients
enzyme
therapies.
growing
field,
research
still
ongoing
solve
current
health
problems
COVID-19.
Currently,
alternatives
using
angiotensin-converting
2
(ACE2)
being
studied
treat
Nucleic Acids Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
49(17), P. 10136 - 10149
Published: Aug. 9, 2021
Nsp15
is
a
uridine
specific
endoribonuclease
that
coronaviruses
employ
to
cleave
viral
RNA
and
evade
host
immune
defense
systems.
Previous
structures
of
from
across
Coronaviridae
revealed
assembles
into
homo-hexamer
has
conserved
active
site
similar
RNase
A.
Beyond
preference
for
cleaving
3'
uridines,
it
unknown
if
any
additional
substrate
preferences.
Here,
we
used
cryo-EM
capture
bound
in
pre-
post-cleavage
states.
The
along
with
molecular
dynamics
biochemical
assays
critical
residues
involved
specificity,
nuclease
activity,
oligomerization.
Moreover,
determined
how
the
sequence
dictates
cleavage
found
outside
polyU
tracts,
strong
purines
cleaved
uridine.
This
work
advances
our
understanding
recognizes
processes
RNA,
will
aid
development
new
anti-viral
therapeutics.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 417 - 417
Published: Feb. 11, 2023
The
emergence
of
SARS-CoV-2
at
the
end
2019
required
swift
development
a
vaccine
to
address
pandemic.
Nonclinical
GLP-compliant
studies
in
Wistar
Han
rats
were
initiated
assess
local
tolerance,
systemic
toxicity,
and
immune
response
four
mRNA
candidates
encoding
immunogens
derived
from
spike
(S)
glycoprotein
SARS-CoV-2,
encapsulated
lipid
nanoparticles
(LNPs).
Vaccine
administered
intramuscularly
once
weekly
for
three
doses
30
and/or
100
µg
followed
by
3-week
recovery
period.
Clinical
pathology
findings
included
higher
white
blood
cell
counts
acute
phase
reactant
concentrations,
lower
platelet
reticulocyte
counts,
RBC
parameters.
Microscopically,
there
was
increased
cellularity
(lymphocytes)
lymph
nodes
spleen,
hematopoiesis
bone
marrow
inflammation
edema
injection
site,
minimal
hepatocellular
vacuolation.
These
generally
attributed
anticipated
inflammatory
responses
vaccines,
except
hepatocyte
vacuolation,
which
interpreted
reflect
LNP
uptake,
similar
between
resolved
or
partially
recovered
phase.
demonstrated
safety
tolerability
rats,
supporting
mRNA-LNP
clinical
development.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(4), P. 1481 - 1481
Published: Feb. 10, 2025
Respiratory
viral
infections
present
significant
global
health
challenges,
causing
substantial
morbidity
and
mortality,
particularly
among
highly
susceptible
components
of
the
population.
The
emergence
pandemics
epidemics,
such
as
those
caused
by
influenza
viruses
coronaviruses,
emphasizes
urgent
need
for
effective
antiviral
therapeutics.
In
this
review,
we
explore
potential
broad-spectrum
agents
targeting
respiratory
RNA
viruses,
including
syncytial
virus,
human
metapneumovirus,
parainfluenza
rhinoviruses.
Various
direct-acting
host-targeting
antivirals
are
discussed,
monoclonal
antibodies
conserved
regions
surface
proteins,
molecules
interfering
with
host
cell
receptors
or
replication
machinery,
protease
inhibitors,
siRNA
therapies,
ribonuclease,
3D8
scFv.
Advancements
in
approaches
to
reduce
resistance
RNA-based
therapeutics
offer
combating
threats.
Despite
represent
a
crucial
strategy,
when
specific
pathogens
unidentified
rapid
intervention
is
essential,
during
outbreaks.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(13), P. 7075 - 7075
Published: June 30, 2021
Eosinophils
are
complex
granulocytes
with
the
capacity
to
react
upon
diverse
stimuli
due
their
numerous
and
variable
surface
receptors,
which
allows
them
respond
in
very
different
manners.
Traditionally
believed
be
only
part
of
parasitic
allergic/asthmatic
immune
responses,
as
scientific
studies
arise,
paradigm
about
these
cells
is
continuously
changing,
adding
layers
complexity
roles
homeostasis
disease.
Developing
principally
bone
marrow
by
action
IL-5
granulocyte
macrophage
colony-stimulating
factor
GM-CSF,
eosinophils
migrate
from
blood
organs,
performing
multiple
functions
tissue
gastrointestinal
tract,
thymus,
uterus,
mammary
glands,
liver,
skeletal
muscle.
In
organs
such
lungs
able
act
regulatory
also
perform
direct
actions
against
parasites,
bacteria,
where
novel
mechanisms
defense
extracellular
DNA
traps
key
factors.
Besides,
eosinophils,
importance
an
effective
response
viral
pathogens
nuclease
enzymatic
activity
have
been
lately
described
involved
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
immunity.
The
pleiotropic
role
sustained
because
can
detrimental
human
physiology,
for
example,
diseases
like
allergies,
asthma,
eosinophilic
esophagitis,
exosomes
significant
pathophysiologic
units.
These
pathologies,
require
specific
treatments
control,
new
monoclonal
antibodies
mepolizumab,
reslizumab,
benralizumab.
this
review,
we
describe
effectors
involvement
pathological
disorders
treatment.
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
57(3), P. 244 - 260
Published: Dec. 9, 2021
Pancreatic-type
ribonucleases
(ptRNases)
are
a
large
family
of
vertebrate-specific
secretory
endoribonucleases.
These
enzymes
catalyze
the
degradation
many
RNA
substrates
and
thereby
mediate
variety
biological
functions.
Though
homology
ptRNases
has
informed
biochemical
characterization
evolutionary
analyses,
understanding
their
roles
is
incomplete.
Here,
we
review
functions
two
ptRNases:
RNase
1
angiogenin.
1,
which
an
abundant
ptRNase
with
high
catalytic
activity,
newly
discovered
in
inflammation
blood
coagulation.
Angiogenin,
promotes
neovascularization,
now
known
to
play
progression
cancer
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
as
well
cellular
stress
response.
Ongoing
work
illuminating
biology
these
other
ptRNases.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(6)
Published: May 10, 2022
Abstract
The
innate
immune
system,
the
primary
defense
mechanism
of
higher
organisms
against
pathogens
including
viruses,
senses
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
(PAMPs).
In
response
to
PAMPs,
interferons
(IFNs)
are
produced,
allowing
host
react
swiftly
viral
infection.
turn
expression
IFN-stimulated
genes
(ISGs)
is
induced.
Their
products
disseminate
antiviral
response.
Among
ISGs
conserved
in
many
species
those
encoding
mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases
(mono-ARTs).
This
prompts
question
whether,
and
if
so
how,
mono-ADP-ribosylation
affects
propagation.
Emerging
evidence
demonstrates
that
some
function
as
PAMP
receptors
modify
both
proteins
relevant
for
replication.
Support
virus–host
interaction
stems
from
findings
viruses
encode
mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases,
which
antagonize
cellular
mono-ARTs.
We
summarize
discuss
linking
enzymes
catalyze
this
reversible
modification
with
part
arms
race
between
viruses.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 1977 - 1977
Published: Sept. 7, 2022
NAD+
and
ADP-ribose
(ADPr)-containing
molecules
are
at
the
interface
of
virus-host
conflicts
across
life
encompassing
RNA
processing,
restriction,
lysogeny/dormancy
functional
hijacking.
We
objectively
defined
central
components
NAD+-ADPr
networks
involved
in
these
systematically
surveyed
21,191
completely
sequenced
viral
proteomes
representative
all
publicly
available
branches
world
to
reconstruct
a
comprehensive
picture
systems.
These
systems
have
been
widely
repeatedly
exploited
by
positive-strand
DNA
viruses,
especially
those
with
larger
genomes
more
intricate
life-history
strategies.
present
evidence
that
ADP-ribosyltransferases
(ARTs),
ADPr-targeting
Macro,
NADAR
Nudix
proteins
frequently
packaged
into
virions,
particularly
phages
contractile
tails
(Myoviruses),
deployed
during
infection
modify
host
macromolecules
counter
NAD+-derived
signals
restriction.
Genes
encoding
NAD+-ADPr-utilizing
domains
were
exchanged
between
distantly
related
hosts
endo-parasites/symbionts,
suggesting
selection
for
them
virus
world.
Contextual
analysis
indicates
bacteriophage
versions
likely
soluble
ADPr
derivatives,
while
eukaryotic
might
prefer
macromolecular
adducts.
Finally,
we
also
use
comparative
genomics
predict
countering
ADP
ribosylation
molecules.
