Dissecting humoral immune responses to an MVA-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine in humans using a systems serology approach DOI Creative Commons
Leonie M. Weskamm,

Paulina Tarnow,

Charlotte Harms

et al.

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 110470 - 110470

Published: July 8, 2024

Besides neutralizing antibodies, which are considered an important measure for vaccine immunogenicity, Fc-mediated antibody functions can contribute to antibody-mediated protection. They strongly influenced by structural properties such as subclass and Fc glycan composition. We here applied a systems serology approach dissect humoral immune responses induced MVA-MERS-S, MVA-vectored against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Building on preceding studies reporting safety immunogenicity of our study highlights potential late boost, administered one year after prime, enhance both functionality compared primary vaccination series. Distinct characteristics were observed antibodies specific MERS-CoV spike protein S1 S2 subunits, regarding compositions well functionality. These findings highlight benefit homologous booster with MVA-MERS-S may be interest design future vaccines.

Language: Английский

Aptamers and Nanobodies as New Bioprobes for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic and Therapeutic System Applications DOI Creative Commons
Ki Sung Park, Tae-In Park,

Jae Eon Lee

et al.

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 146 - 146

Published: March 15, 2024

The global challenges posed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have underscored critical importance of innovative and efficient control systems for addressing future pandemics. most effective way to is rapidly suppress spread virus through early detection using a rapid, accurate, easy-to-use diagnostic platform. In biosensors that use bioprobes, binding affinity molecular recognition elements (MREs) primary factor determining dynamic range sensing Furthermore, sensitivity relies mainly on bioprobe quality with sufficient functionality. This comprehensive review investigates aptamers nanobodies recently developed as advanced MREs SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic applications. These bioprobes might be integrated into organic bioelectronic materials devices, promising enhanced specificity. offers valuable insights advancing biosensing technologies infectious disease diagnosis treatment new bioprobes.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Comprehensive Overview of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-COV-2 Variants DOI Open Access

Lingyan Cui,

Tingting Li,

Wenhui Xue

et al.

Published: April 10, 2024

Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into various variants, including the numerous highly mutated Omicron sub-lineages, significantly increasing immune evasion ability. The development raises concerns about possibly diminished effectiveness of available vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we describe those representative categories broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that retain prominent against emerging variants sub-lineages. molecular characteristics, epitope conservation, resistance mechanisms these are further detailed, aiming to offer suggestion or direction for therapeutic antibodies, facilitate vaccine design with broad-spectrum potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Testing and Defining a Correlate of Protection DOI Creative Commons
Kimia Sobhani, Susan Cheng, Raquel A. Binder

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1644 - 1644

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Herein, we review established clinical use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measures, which include diagnosis of recent prior infection, isolating high titer convalescent plasma, diagnosing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and booster dosing the immunosuppressed other populations. We then address whether an correlate protection (CoP) has been successfully defined with following considerations: Antibody responses immunocompetent, vaccine type, variants, binding tests vs. neutralization tests, endpoint measures. In transition from COVID-19 pandemic to endemic, there much interest defining CoP. Due mutability respiratory viruses our current knowledge variants a CoP prevention infection is unrealistic. However, may be severe disease requiring hospitalization and/or death. Most research focused on measurements. can significant differences test methods, disparate new depending format. Furthermore, assays are often impractical throughput applications (e.g., assessing humoral immune response populations or large cohorts). Nevertheless, studies using measures reviewed determine where consensus. Alternatively, could used define Binding tend highly automatable, throughput, therefore practical population applications. Again, consensus vaccines, focusing standardized results. antibodies directed against S1 receptor domain (S1-RBD) viral spike protein provide practical, indirect measure neutralization. Initially, S1-RBD selected that reflects peak immunocompetent serve as target immunocompromised. From existing reporting units, approximate range 1372–2744 BAU/mL mRNA recombinant vaccines was extracted initial target. This would need confirmed potentially adjusted updated almost certainly formats (i.e., vector). threshold based outcomes over time disease). also discuss precedent measurement vaccine-preventable diseases hepatitis B). Lastly, cellular immunity briefly addressed its importance nature durability protection.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Overcoming antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants with bispecific antibodies constructed using non-neutralizing antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Tetsuya Inoue, Yuichiro Yamamoto,

Kaoru Sato

et al.

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 109363 - 109363

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Highlights•Anti-SARS-CoV-2 bispecific Abs can be generated by combining non-neutralizing Abs•Anti-S2 antibody CvMab-62 recognizes a novel epitope upstream of S2 stem helix•Bispecific antibodies inhibit spike-mediated membrane fusogenic mechanism•Bispecific restore antiviral activity against bebtelovimab-resistant BQ.1.1SummaryA current challenge is the emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, that evade immune defenses, thereby limiting drug effectiveness. Emergency-use drugs, including widely effective bebtelovimab, are losing their benefits. One potential approach to address this issue which combine targeting abilities two with distinct epitopes. We engineered neutralizing in IgG-scFv format from initially antibodies, CvMab-6 (which binds receptor-binding domain [RBD]) (targeting spike protein subunit adjacent known anti-S2 epitope). Furthermore, we created incorporating scFv bebtelovimab our antibody, demonstrating significant restoration effectiveness variants. This study highlights existing less anti-RBD revive therapeutics compromised immune-evading variants.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Current Status and Perspectives of Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein S2 Subunit against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Yuichiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Inoue

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 917 - 923

Published: April 30, 2024

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has devastated public health and the economy. New variants are continually emerging because of amino acid mutations within SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein have been shown to reduced activity against these variants. In particular, recently expanding omicron subvariants BQ 1.1 XBB resistant nAbs approved for emergency use United States Food Drug Administration. Therefore, it is essential develop broad combat contrast massive accumulation RBD, S2 subunit remains highly conserved among targeting region may provide effective cross-protection novel Here, we a detailed summary subunit: fusion peptide, stem helix, heptad repeats 1 2. addition, prospects solve problems such as weak potency subunit.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Comprehensive Overview of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants DOI Creative Commons

Lingyan Cui,

Tingting Li,

Wenhui Xue

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 900 - 900

Published: June 1, 2024

Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into various variants, including the numerous highly mutated Omicron sub-lineages, significantly increasing immune evasion ability. The development raises concerns about possibly diminished effectiveness of available vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we describe those representative categories broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that retain prominent against emerging variants sub-lineages. molecular characteristics, epitope conservation, resistance mechanisms these are further detailed, aiming to offer suggestion or direction for therapeutic antibodies, facilitate design with broad-spectrum potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The S2 subunit of spike encodes diverse targets for functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons

Jamie Guenthoer,

Meghan Garrett, Michelle M. Lilly

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. e1012383 - e1012383

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic has exhibited a striking capacity viral evolution that drives continued evasion from vaccine and infection-induced immune responses. Mutations in receptor binding domain of S1 subunit spike glycoprotein have led to considerable escape antibody responses, reducing efficacy vaccines monoclonal (mAb) therapies. Therefore, there is need interrogate more constrained regions spike, such as S2 subdomain. Here, we present collection mAbs two convalescent individuals target multiple S2, including outside those commonly reported. One mAbs, C20.119, which bound highly conserved epitope fusion peptide, was able broadly neutralize across variants, SARS-CoV-1, closely related zoonotic sarbecoviruses. majority were non-neutralizing; however, many them could mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) at levels similar S1-targeting mAb S309 previously authorized treatment infections. Several with ADCC function also trimers other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), MERS-CoV HCoV-HKU1. Our findings suggest can diverse epitopes functional HCoV sarbecovirus breadth likely functionally spike. These be developed potential future pandemics, while providing insight into ideal eliciting broad response.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Antibody drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2: Time for a rethink? DOI Open Access

Likeng Liang,

Bo Wang, Qing Zhang

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 116900 - 116900

Published: June 10, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Computational optimization of a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitory peptide targeting Spike’s heptapeptide repeat region DOI Creative Commons

Peixiang Gao,

Shuo Liu, Xiaojing Chi

et al.

Biosafety and Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neutralising and Non-neutralising Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: Role during Infection and in the Evolution of Antigenic structure DOI Creative Commons
S. K. Pylaeva,

A. A. Sinyugina,

Liubov I. Kozlovskaya

et al.

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 169 - 176

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Relevance . COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, remains a global public health threat despite end of pandemic. In four years since onset pandemic, genome has undergone significant changes, particularly in gene encoding spike (S) protein. These changes resulted from accumulation immune responses human population, allowing virus to evade response. A proportion population was infected early pandemic or vaccinated with vaccines based on earlier variants virus. The emergence new mutant raises concerns about potential for severe COVID-19 previously individuals. Аim To examine specifics antibody formation, as well spectrum and functional activity these antibodies patients COVID-19. Conclusion s. Antibodies produced response infection vaccination show diversity activity. Changes viral may reduce effectiveness, highlighting importance monitoring developing adapted vaccines. data will be key shaping treatment strategies changing epidemiological situation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0