Sinergi International Journal of Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 120 - 134
Published: April 18, 2025
Bullying among adolescents remains a pervasive global issue with significant psychological, social, and academic consequences. This study examines the role of self-esteem, social support, systemic factors in influencing bullying behaviors. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, studies selected based on inclusion criteria focusing prevalence, intervention strategies, mental health outcomes. The findings indicate that strong networks high self-esteem serve as protective against both victimization perpetration. Additionally, school climate cultural influences play crucial roles shaping dynamics. Restorative practices social-emotional learning (SEL) programs have shown promise reducing incidents, particularly when integrated into curricula community-based initiatives. However, geographical socioeconomic disparities affect accessibility effectiveness these interventions. underscores need for targeted policies, including teacher training, parental engagement, digital literacy programs, to combat traditional cyberbullying effectively. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts interventions their adaptability across different economic contexts. Addressing gaps will contribute creation safer educational environments improved adolescent
Language: Английский
