Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 16, 2022
NK
cells
are
key
mediators
of
immune
cell-mediated
cytotoxicity
toward
infected
and
transformed
cells,
being
one
the
main
executors
cell
death
in
system.
recognize
target
through
an
array
inhibitory
activating
receptors
for
endogenous
or
exogenous
pathogen-derived
ligands,
which
together
with
adhesion
molecules
form
a
structure
known
as
immunological
synapse
that
regulates
effector
functions.
The
best
characterized
mechanisms
involved
granule
exocytosis
pathway
(perforin/granzymes)
expression
ligands.
These
pathways
recognized
activators
different
programmes
on
leading
to
their
destruction.
However,
most
studies
analyzing
these
have
used
pure
recombinant
native
proteins
instead
intact
and,
thus,
extrapolation
results
might
be
difficult.
Specially,
since
activation
and/or
ligands
during
elimination
influenced
by
stimulus
received
from
other
microenvironment
components,
affect
activated
cells.
Here
we
will
review
discuss
available
experimental
evidence
how
kill
special
focus
modalities
been
found
cytotoxicity;
including
apoptosis
more
inflammatory
like
necroptosis
pyroptosis.
In
light
this
new
evidence,
develop
concept
induced
regulatory
mechanism
linking
innate
response
tumour
adaptive
T
responses,
initiating
trigger
cancer-immunity
cycle.
use
modulation
molecular
machinery
regulating
them
not
only
but,
addition,
generation
responses
against
would
contribute
efficient
generate
cancer
memory
preventing
potential
recurrences.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(14), P. 3540 - 3540
Published: July 15, 2021
Trastuzumab
as
a
first
HER2-targeted
therapy
for
the
treatment
of
HER2-positive
breast
cancer
patients
was
introduced
in
1998.
Although
trastuzumab
has
opened
new
avenue
to
treat
with
and
other
types
cancer,
some
are
not
responsive
or
become
resistant
this
treatment.
So
far,
several
mechanisms
have
been
suggested
mode
action
trastuzumab;
however,
findings
regarding
these
controversial.
In
review,
we
aimed
provide
detailed
insight
into
various
trastuzumab.
Cytotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 451 - 457
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
The
NK-92
cell
line,
established
in
1992,
mirrors
all
the
characteristics
of
highly
active
blood
natural
killer
(NK)
cells
but
with
much
broader
and
greater
cytotoxicity.
line
was
from
a
patient
lymphoma
has
been
made
widely
available
for
research
since
it
deposited
into
American
Type
Culture
Collection
1998.
worldwide
distribution
led
to
plethora
scientific
discoveries
that
have
greatly
increased
understanding
NK-cell
biology.
also
developed
clinical
use,
overcoming
challenges
obtaining
expanding
NK
donor
or
blood.
More
than
100
patients
cancer
now
treated
over
world
unmodified
genetically
engineered
cells.
Modified
include
high-affinity
Fc-receptor
expressing
(haNKR)
various
chimeric
antigen
receptor
targeted
haNK
(t-haNKTM).
Infusions
either
modified
reported
be
safe
efficacious,
leading
some
cases
disease
remission
even
who
had
failed
multiple
previous
lines
therapy.
It
is
purpose
this
review
distill
data
on
its
genetic
variants,
highlighting
relevant
experimental
findings
contributed
better
biology
summarize
therapeutic
potential
these
treatment
infections.
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(1)
Published: July 22, 2023
Colorectal
cancer
liver
metastasis
(CRLM)
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
death
among
patients
with
colorectal
(CRC).
Although
immunotherapy
has
demonstrated
encouraging
outcomes
in
CRC,
its
benefits
are
minimal
CRLM.
The
complex
immune
landscape
hepatic
tumour
microenvironment
essential
for
development
a
premetastatic
niche
and
colonisation
CRC
cells;
thus,
an
in-depth
understanding
these
mechanisms
can
provide
effective
immunotherapeutic
targets
This
review
summarises
recent
studies
on
CRLM
highlights
therapeutic
prospects
targeting
suppressive
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(10), P. 1089 - 1108
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Abstract
In
the
past
decade,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy
has
emerged
as
a
promising
immunotherapeutic
approach
for
combating
cancers,
demonstrating
remarkable
efficacy
in
relapsed/refractory
hematological
malignancies
both
pediatric
and
adult
patients.
CAR-natural
killer
(CAR-NK)
complements
CAR-T
by
offering
several
distinct
advantages.
CAR-NK
cells
do
not
require
HLA
compatibility
exhibit
low
safety
concerns.
Moreover,
are
conducive
to
“off-the-shelf”
therapeutics,
providing
significant
logistic
advantages
over
cells.
Both
have
shown
consistent
results
malignancies.
However,
their
against
solid
tumors
remains
limited
due
various
obstacles
including
tumor
trafficking
infiltration,
well
an
immuno-suppressive
microenvironment.
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advances
current
challenges
of
immunotherapies,
with
specific
focus
on
application
tumors.
We
also
analyze
depth
drawbacks
compared
highlight
CAR
optimization.
Finally,
explore
future
perspectives
these
adoptive
highlighting
increasing
contribution
cutting-edge
biotechnological
tools
shaping
next
generation
cellular
immunotherapy.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
Immunotherapy
has
rapidly
evolved
in
the
past
decades
battle
against
cancer.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-engineered
T
cells
have
demonstrated
significant
success
certain
hematologic
malignancies,
although
they
still
face
limitations,
including
high
costs
and
toxic
effects.
Natural
killer
(NK
cells),
as
a
vital
component
of
immune
system,
serve
“first
responders”
context
cancer
development.
In
this
literature
review,
we
provide
an
updated
understanding
NK
cell
development,
functions,
their
applications
disease
therapy.
Furthermore,
explore
rationale
for
utilizing
engineered
therapies,
such
CAR-NK
cells,
discuss
differences
between
CAR-T
cells.
We
also
insights
into
key
elements
strategies
involved
CAR
design
addition,
highlight
challenges
currently
encountered
future
directions
research
utilization,
pre-clinical
investigations
ongoing
clinical
trials.
Based
on
outstanding
antitumor
potential
it
is
highly
likely
that
will
lead
to
groundbreaking
advancements
treatment
future.