Phylogenies and Community Ecology

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 475 - 505

Published: Nov. 1, 2002

▪ Abstract As better phylogenetic hypotheses become available for many groups of organisms, studies in community ecology can be informed by knowledge the evolutionary relationships among coexisting species. We note three primary approaches to integrating information into organization: 1. examining structure assemblages, 2. exploring basis niche structure, and 3. adding a context trait evolution biogeography. recognize common pattern conservatism ecological character highlight challenges using phylogenies partial lineages. also review emergent properties communities: species diversity, relative abundance distributions, range sizes. Methodological advances supertree construction, reconstruction, null models assembly evolution, metrics underlie recent progress these areas. potential ecologists benefit from suggest several avenues future research.

Language: Английский

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Plant Ecological Strategies: Some Leading Dimensions of Variation Between Species

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 125 - 159

Published: Nov. 1, 2002

▪ Abstract An important aim of plant ecology is to identify leading dimensions ecological variation among species and understand the basis for them. Dimensions that can readily be measured would especially useful, because they might offer a path towards improved worldwide synthesis across thousands field experiments ecophysiological studies use just few each. Four are reviewed here. The leaf mass per area–leaf lifespan (LMA-LL) dimension expresses slow turnover parts (at high LMA long LL), nutrient residence times, response favorable growth conditions. seed mass–seed output (SM-SO) an predictor dispersal establishment opportunities (seed output) success in face hazards mass). LMA-LL SM-SO each underpinned by single, comprehensible tradeoff, their consequences fairly well understood. size–twig size (LS-TS) spectrum has obvious texture canopies, but costs benefits large versus small twig poorly height universally been seen as ecologically included strategy schemes. Nevertheless, includes several tradeoffs adaptive elements, which ideally should treated separately. Each these four varies at scales climate zones site types within landscapes. This interpreted adaptation physical environment. also widely coexisting species. Most likely this within-site arises depend strongly on other present, words, set stable mixture strategies.

Language: Английский

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COMPETITION AND FACILITATION: A SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO INTERACTIONS IN PLANT COMMUNITIES

Ecology, Journal Year: 1997, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. 1958 - 1965

Published: Oct. 1, 1997

Interactions among organisms take place within a complex milieu of abiotic and biotic processes, but we generally study them as solitary phenomena. Complex combinations negative positive interactions have been identified in number plant communities. The importance these two processes structuring communities can best be understood by comparing along gradients stress, consumer pressure, different life stages, sizes, densities the interacting species. Here, discuss roles stage, physiology, indirect interactions, physical environment on balance competition facilitation

Language: Английский

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None

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 1998, Volume and Issue: 199(2), P. 213 - 227

Published: Jan. 1, 1998

Language: Английский

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Positive interactions among plants

The Botanical Review, Journal Year: 1995, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 306 - 349

Published: Oct. 1, 1995

Language: Английский

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Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1085 - 1093

Published: June 23, 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1085–1093 Abstract Though many processes are involved in determining which species coexist and assemble into communities, competition is among the best studied. One hypothesis about competition’s contribution to community assembly that more closely related less likely coexist. empirical evidence for this mixed, it remains a common assumption certain phylogenetic approaches inferring effects of environmental filtering competitive exclusion. Here, we relate modern coexistence theory refine expectations how relatedness influences outcome competition. We argue two types differences determine exclusion with opposing on patterns. Importantly, means can sometimes eliminate different taxa, even when traits underlying relevant phylogenetically conserved. Our argument leads reinterpretation inferred from structure.

Language: Английский

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A meta‐analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 975 - 989

Published: Sept. 6, 2004

Abstract Biotic resistance describes the ability of resident species in a community to reduce success exotic invasions. Although is well‐accepted phenomenon, less clear are processes that contribute most it, and whether those strong enough completely repel invaders. Current perceptions strong, competition‐driven biotic stem from classic ecological theory, Elton's formulation resistance, general acceptance enemies‐release hypothesis. We conducted meta‐analysis plant invasions literature quantify contribution competitors, diversity, herbivores soil fungal communities resistance. Results indicated large negative effects all factors except on invader establishment performance. Contrary predictions derived natural enemies hypothesis, reduced invasion as effectively competitors. significantly individual invaders, we found little evidence interactions repelled conclude rarely enable resist invasion, but instead constrain abundance invasive once they have successfully established.

Language: Английский

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Plant coexistence and the niche

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 605 - 611

Published: Sept. 18, 2004

Language: Английский

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THE INTERPLAY OF FACILITATION AND COMPETITION IN PLANT COMMUNITIES

Ecology, Journal Year: 1997, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. 1966 - 1975

Published: Oct. 1, 1997

If plants cannot simultaneously acclimate to shade and drought because of physiological trade-offs, then are expected be less tolerant shading under drier conditions. One observation that, at first sight, seems incompatible with this idea is the fact that establishment new in dry areas often restricted shady sites canopy other plants, called "nurse plants." We use a graphical model resolve paradox. The visualizes how facilitative patterns can understood from simultaneous effects plant canopies on microsite light moisture, growth responses establishing seedlings those factors. approach emphasizes positive negative always occur simultaneously. In presented light–water model, facilitation only occurs when improvement water relations exceeds costs caused by lower levels. This may true conditions, whereas situations, competition rather than observed. shows changes availability shift interactions competitive vice versa, as observed some field patterns. It argued environmental factors explaining same context.

Language: Английский

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Is the change of plant–plant interactions with abiotic stress predictable? A meta‐analysis of field results in arid environments

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 93(4), P. 748 - 757

Published: June 15, 2005

1 Theoretical models have predicted that the relative importance of facilitation and competition will vary inversely across gradients abiotic stress, with being dominant interaction under high stress conditions. A critical reappraisal current theoretical is needed because experimental studies both support refute their predictions. 2 quantitative meta-analysis field common garden evaluating effect (low vs. high) on net outcome plant–plant interactions in arid semi-arid environments was performed to evaluate degree empirical for these models. We created four separate data sets corresponding categories response variables commonly used measure plant performance (survival, density, growth fecundity). 3 The analyses showed selection estimator approach followed a strong influence such outcome. neighbours survival target plants not significant at either level, but density fecundity positive (facilitation) negative (competition) low respectively. Density levels, respectively, whereas other estimators suggested did differ level. None our meta-analyses indicated magnitude provided by neighbours, whether or negative, higher conditions, does therefore appear increase stress. 4 As predictions regarding relationship between do hold environments, different are needed. These should consider sources separately, be valid measurements, as survival, integrate responses over time. incorporation features into undoubtedly improve predictive capabilities.

Language: Английский

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