Mechanisms of Maintenance of Species Diversity

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 343 - 366

Published: Nov. 1, 2000

▪ Abstract The focus of most ideas on diversity maintenance is species coexistence, which may be stable or unstable. Stable coexistence can quantified by the long-term rates at community members recover from low density. Quantification shows that mechanisms function in two major ways: They (a) equalizing because they tend to minimize average fitness differences between species, (b) stabilizing increase negative intraspecific interactions relative interspecific interactions. Stabilizing are essential for and include traditional such as resource partitioning frequency-dependent predation, well depend fluctuations population densities environmental factors space time. Equalizing contribute reduce large inequalities might negate effects mechanisms. Models unstable coexitence, slowly decays over time, have focused almost exclusively These models would more robust if also included mechanisms, arise many varied ways but need not adequate full stability a system. invite broader view incorporating turnover.

Language: Английский

---

The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi‐scale community ecology

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 601 - 613

Published: June 4, 2004

Abstract The metacommunity concept is an important way to think about linkages between different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding this concept. We first investigate issues related its definition as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal multiple potentially interacting species. then identify four paradigms for metacommunities: the patch‐dynamic view, species‐sorting mass effects view and neutral each emphasizes processes potential importance metacommunities. These have somewhat distinct intellectual histories discuss elements their future synthesis. use framework why useful modifying existing ecological thinking illustrate with number both theoretical empirical examples. As ecologists strive understand increasingly complex mechanisms work across spatio‐temporal organization, concepts like can provide insights frequently contrast those would be obtained more conventional approaches based on alone.

Language: Английский

---

Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 170 - 176

Published: April 1, 2002

Language: Английский

---

A Theoretical Framework for Intraguild Predation

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 1997, Volume and Issue: 149(4), P. 745 - 764

Published: April 1, 1997

Many important issues in community ecology revolve around the interplay of competition and predation. Species that compete may also be locked predator-prey interactions, a mixture predation known as "intraguild predation" (IGP). There is growing evidence for importance IGP many natural communities, yet little formal ecological theory addresses this particular blend interactions. In article, we explore consequences incorporating into standard models exploitative food chains (a general resource-consumer model, Lotka-Volterra chain Schoener's model). Our theoretical analyses suggest criterion coexistence systems: intermediate species (the prey intraguild predation) should superior at shared resource, whereas top predator) gain significantly from its consumption species. Along gradients environmental productivity, most likely levels productivity. Analyses reveal potential alternative stable states systems with IGP; these are particularly if predator gains benefit consuming predator. We further show can lead to unstable population dynamics, even when all pairwise interactions inherently each increase rare. Persistent, strong raises puzzle coexistence, productive environments. conclude by comparing related modules (i.e., chains, competition, apparent competition) discussing mechanisms foster IGP.

Language: Английский

---

Community assembly: when should history matter?

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 136(4), P. 489 - 498

Published: Aug. 1, 2003

Language: Английский

---

General Theory of Competitive Coexistence in Spatially-Varying Environments

Theoretical Population Biology, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 58(3), P. 211 - 237

Published: Nov. 1, 2000

Language: Английский

---

THE ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF SHARED NATURAL ENEMIES

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 1994, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 495 - 520

Published: Nov. 1, 1994

When multiple victim species (e.g. prey, host) are attacked by one or more shared enemy predator, pathogen), the potential exists for apparent competition between populations. We review ideas on com­ petition (also called enemy-free space) and sketch illustrative examples. One puzzling aspect of this indirect interaction is repeated rediscovery essential ideas. Apparent arises focal alternative prey populations because, in long term, abundance depends total availability; increasing numbers, intensify predation prey. A frequent empirical finding, consistent with theory, exclusion from local communities resident enemies. Theory suggests victim-species coexistence particular conditions. To understand fully consequences enemies requires a body contingent specifying time-scale interactions (short­ long-term sharing generally differ), structure food-web encompassing interactions, its spatial context, etc. The core criterion to invade community supporting resident, polyphagous r> aP (the invader's intrinsic rate increase

Language: Английский

---

Competitive coexistence in spatially structured environments: a synthesis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1109 - 1122

Published: Oct. 13, 2003

Abstract Theoretical developments in spatial competitive coexistence are far advance of empirical investigations. A framework that makes comparative predictions for alternative hypotheses is a crucial element narrowing this gap. This review attempts to synthesize competition theory into such framework, with the goal motivating investigations adopt approach. The synthesis presented based on major axis, spatially homogeneous vs. heterogeneous environments, along which can be organized. resulting integrates key concepts as niche theory, heterogeneity and scale(s) coexistence. It yields guide

Language: Английский

---

Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Nature, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 508(7497), P. 517 - 520

Published: March 7, 2014

Language: Английский

---

How to make more out of community data? A conceptual framework and its implementation as models and software

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 561 - 576

Published: March 20, 2017

Abstract Community ecology aims to understand what factors determine the assembly and dynamics of species assemblages at different spatiotemporal scales. To facilitate integration between conceptual statistical approaches in community ecology, we propose Hierarchical Modelling Species Communities ( HMSC ) as a general, flexible framework for modern analysis data. While non‐manipulative data allow only correlative not causal inference, this facilitates formulation data‐driven hypotheses regarding processes that structure communities. We model environmental filtering by variation covariation responses individual characteristics their environment, with potential contingencies on traits phylogenetic relationships. capture biotic rules species‐to‐species association matrices, which may be estimated multiple spatial or temporal operationalise hierarchical Bayesian joint distribution model, implement it R‐ Matlab‐packages enable computationally efficient analyses large sets. Armed tool, ecologists can make sense many types data, including spatially explicit time‐series illustrate use through series diverse ecological examples.

Language: Английский

---