The interaction between predation and competition

Nature, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 456(7219), P. 235 - 238

Published: Nov. 1, 2008

Language: Английский

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Assembly Rules within a Contingent Ecology

Oikos, Journal Year: 1999, Volume and Issue: 86(3), P. 402 - 402

Published: Sept. 1, 1999

Ecologists have searched for general principles, or assembly rules, which determine how species combine to form communities. Two major strands of research highlight the interaction rules operating at different levels community organisation. and within uncertain local historical contingencies. Here, we review aterature on context three principal determinants: dispersal constraints, environmental constraints internal dynamics. This classification separates external factors (dispersal constraints) from mternal processes (internal dynamics). We assert that are general, deterministic mechanistic, operate dynamies imposed by environment history invasions. Several been proposed across trophic levels, as well whole systems. The act through resource dynamics spatial select subsets can coexist, may lead patterns increasing biomass non-random distributions. Environmental restriet establishment mediate interactions among successful colonists; a change in either exogenous endogenous. drive change. Even systems equilibrium, influence outcome rules. Dispersal pool potential colonists available particular time place, complex amalgam species-specific traits, storage effects, landscape ecology, history. order timing invasions interact with produce priority effects. directionality be lost if rate non-selective extinctions exceeds selected falling apart, disassembly, breakdown follow trajectory.

Language: Английский

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Linking genetic change to community evolution: insights from studies of bacteria and bacteriophage

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 362 - 377

Published: July 1, 2000

A major goal of community ecology is to link biological processes at lower scales with patterns. Microbial communities are especially powerful model systems for making these links. In this article, we review recent studies laboratory bacteria and bacteriophage (viruses that infect bacteria). We focus on the evolution bacteriophage‐resistance as a case study demonstrating relationship between specific genes, individual interactions, population dynamics, structure, evolutionary change. bacteriophage, rapidly evolve resistance infection. Different mutations produce distinct phenotypes, differing, example, in whether partial or complete, magnitude physiological cost associated resistance, mutation can be countered by host‐range bacteriophage. These differences determine mutant invade, effect its invasion has dynamics sensitive phage, resulting structure community. All effects, turn, govern community’s response environmental change subsequent evolution.

Language: Английский

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When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 473 - 475

Published: Nov. 1, 2000

Language: Английский

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Trait‐based tests of coexistence mechanisms

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1294 - 1306

Published: Aug. 4, 2013

Abstract Recent functional trait studies have shown that differences may favour certain species (environmental filtering) while simultaneously preventing competitive exclusion (niche partitioning). However, phenomenological trait‐dispersion analyses do not identify the mechanisms generate niche partitioning, trait‐based prediction of future changes in biodiversity. We argue such predictions require linking traits with recognised coexistence involving spatial or temporal environmental heterogeneity, resource partitioning and natural enemies. first demonstrate limitations approaches using simulations, then (1) propose tests coexistence, (2) hypotheses about which plant are likely to interact particular (3) review literature for evidence these hypotheses. Theory data suggest all four classes could act on variation, but some will be stronger more widespread than others. The highest priority research is interactions between heterogeneity variation measure variables at within‐community scales quantify species' responses environment absence competition. Evidence similar operate many ecosystems would simplify biodiversity forecasting represent a rare victory generality over contingency community ecology.

Language: Английский

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