Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 178(4), P. 719 - 739

Published: April 14, 2008

Summary Severe droughts have been associated with regional‐scale forest mortality worldwide. Climate change is expected to exacerbate regional events; however, prediction remains difficult because the physiological mechanisms underlying drought survival and are poorly understood. We developed a hydraulically based theory considering carbon balance insect resistance that allowed development examination of hypotheses regarding mortality. Multiple may cause during drought. A common mechanism for plants isohydric regulation water status results from avoidance drought‐induced hydraulic failure via stomatal closure, resulting in starvation cascade downstream effects such as reduced biotic agents. Mortality by per se occur seedlings or trees near their maximum height. Although anisohydric relatively drought‐tolerant, they predisposed operate narrower safety margins Elevated temperatures should failure. Biotic agents amplify be amplified plant stress. Wet multidecadal climate oscillations increase susceptibility stimulating shifts architecture, effectively predisposing warming increased frequency extreme events will probably episodes. Isohydric potential partition species between mortality, and, such, incorporating this framework effective modeling under future conditions. Contents 1 I. Introduction 2 II. Consequences vegetation 3 III. Global patterns IV. Hypotheses on drought‐related 4 V. Evidence hypothesized 5 VI. Implications 13 VII. Conclusions 15 Acknowledgements References

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms Linking Drought, Hydraulics, Carbon Metabolism, and Vegetation Mortality

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 155(3), P. 1051 - 1059

Published: Jan. 14, 2011

Events of regional-scale vegetation mortality appear to be increasing in a variety biomes throughout the Earth and are frequently associated with increased temperatures, droughts, often (but not always) outbreaks biotic agents such as insects pathogens (for review, see [Allen et

Language: Английский

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Plant structural traits and their role in anti-herbivore defence

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 157 - 178

Published: April 24, 2007

Language: Английский

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Facing herbivory as you grow up: the ontogeny of resistance in plants

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 441 - 448

Published: May 15, 2005

Language: Английский

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Insect Herbivore Nutrient Regulation

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 165 - 187

Published: Sept. 2, 2008

The primary reason animals, including insect herbivores, eat is to acquire a mix of nutrients needed fuel the processes growth, development, and reproduction. Most herbivores strongly regulate their nutrient intake when given opportunity. When they are restricted imbalanced diets, employ regulatory rules that govern extent which occurring in excess or deficit eaten. Insect also regularly encounter allelochemicals as eat, recent work indicates effect an allelochemical has on regulation, herbivore performance, modified depending food's composition. Comparative studies regulation suggest coexisting generalist occupy unique nutritional feeding niches, with pathogens parasitoids revealed manner top-down pressures influence patterns intake. using pre- postingestive mechanisms, plus learning, there evidence some these mechanisms shaped by natural selection.

Language: Английский

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Evolution in invasive plants: implications for biological control

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 417 - 422

Published: June 15, 2004

Language: Английский

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The resource availability hypothesis revisited: a meta‐analysis

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 389 - 398

Published: Nov. 19, 2010

Summary 1. Several theories have provided a framework for understanding variation in plant defence against herbivores. Among them, the apparency theory and resource availability hypothesis (RAH) aimed to explain patterns of investment selective pressures that led variety defensive strategies across species. Here we provide historical review both theories, present evidence shaped their development contrast predictions. 2. We results meta‐analysis utility RAH 25 years after it was proposed compare theory. performed 50 studies examined growth, defences herbivory relation latitude ontogeny. Specifically, tested four predictions follow RAH: (i) species adapted resource‐rich environments intrinsically faster growth rates than resource‐poor environments; (ii) fast‐growing shorter leaf lifetimes slow‐growing species; (iii) lower amounts constitutive (iv) support higher 3. Our confirm grow inherently more slowly, invest from productive habitats. data also showed rate among better explains differences apparency, suggesting evolution different is resource, rather herbivore driven. found application this appears robust ontogeny, as magnitude effect sizes most did not vary significantly between ecosystems or ontogenic stages. 4. conclude has served valid investigating its applicability quite general.

Language: Английский

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Plant traits that predict resistance to herbivores

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 358 - 367

Published: Oct. 13, 2010

Summary 1. Although secondary metabolites are recognized as fundamental to the defence of plants against insect and mammalian herbivores, their relative importance compared other potential defensive plant traits (e.g. physical resistance, gross morphology, life‐history, primary chemistry physiology) not well understood. 2. We conducted a meta‐analysis answer question: What types genetically variable most strongly predict resistance herbivores? performed comprehensive literature search obtained 499 separate measurements strength covariation (measured genetic correlations) between herbivore susceptibility – these were extracted from 72 studies involving 19 families. 3. Surprisingly, we found no overall association concentrations than predicted susceptibility. Specifically, variation in life‐history flowering time, growth rate) consistently exhibited strongest correlations with Genetic morphological no. branches, size) latex, trichomes) also frequently correlated susceptibility, but relationships depended on attributes herbivores feeding guild) longevity). 4. These results call into question conventional wisdom that important anti‐herbivore plants. propose hypothesis select traits, greater pleiotropic effects genes controlling impose strong constraints evolution. Meanwhile, could have evolved be mechanisms because they largest effect evolution weakest.

Language: Английский

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Plant Defense Priming against Herbivores: Getting Ready for a Different Battle

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 146(3), P. 818 - 824

Published: March 1, 2008

Plants have evolved various strategies to defend themselves against herbivores and pathogens. Although some of these are constitutive, i.e. present at all times, others induced only in response herbivore feeding or pathogen infection. The induction direct indirect plant

Language: Английский

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PLANT CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL ENEMY FITNESS: Effects on Herbivore and Natural Enemy Interactions

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 163 - 185

Published: July 25, 2005

▪ Abstract Tremendous strides have been made regarding our understanding of how host plant chemistry influences the interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies. While most work has focused on effects location acceptance by enemies, an increasing number studies examine negative effects. The tritrophic role is central to several aspects trophic phenomena including top-down versus bottom-up control herbivores, enemy-free space choice, theories defense. Furthermore, are important in assessing degree compatibility biological resistance approaches pest control. Additional research needed understand physiological parasitoids. Explicit tests required determine whether enemies can act as selective forces Finally, further systems crucial evolution multitrophic relationships.

Language: Английский

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