Metabolic insight into bacterial community assembly across ecosystem boundaries

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(4)

Published: Jan. 11, 2020

Abstract The movement of organisms across habitat boundaries has important consequences for populations, communities, and ecosystems. However, because most species are not well adapted to all types, dispersal into suboptimal habitats could induce physiological changes associated with persistence strategies that influence community assembly. For example, high rates cross‐boundary thought maintain sink populations terrestrial bacteria in aquatic habitats, but these may also persist by lowering their metabolic activity, introducing heterogeneity buffers the population against sorting. To differentiate between assembly processes, we analyzed bacterial composition along a hydrological flow path from soils through an reservoir sequencing active total (active + inactive) portions community. When was ignored, our data were consistent views is structuring communities. In contrast, found evidence strong sorting portion community, suggesting have weaker effect than on By accounting complex findings clarify roles local‐ regional‐scale processes terrestrial‐aquatic meta‐ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Disturbance, Seasonality, Multi-Year Temporal Dynamics, and Dormancy Into the Dynamics and Conservation of Metacommunities

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

The metacommunity framework has rapidly become a dominant concept used by ecologists to understand community assembly. By emphasizing extinction-colonization dynamics, dispersal, and species' niche requirements in determining structure, theory unifies local regional processes as integral species distributions across landscapes. Metacommunity structure traditionally been treated static. However, habitat characteristics composition can shift through time because of factors like seasonal ecosystem disturbance, multi-year climate variation (e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation), production emergence dormant propagules. In most systems, the relevance such temporal for persistence metacommunities is an open question that potential importance conservation management. We evaluate synthesize concepts relevant four major forms dynamics are pertinent metacommunities: seasonality, variation, dormancy. For each type dynamic we review theoretical underpinnings empirical evidence how drives structure. also consider anthropogenic change further influence these patterns. Our survey highlights climatic differences modify distribution availability resources connectivity, with consequences use landscape interactions. Disturbance cycles increase but implications environmental filtering interactions remain unresolved. Dormant life stages serve anchor patches pools space highlight dispersal-dormancy tradeoffs Temporal variability biotic abiotic conditions associated drivers relative strengths filtering, interactions, three biological drive Inclusion spatiotemporal creates patterns diversity differ from traditional ideas. insights research needs, suggest reconceptualization undergoing continuous change, discuss dynamism management metacommunities.

Language: Английский

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Landscape connectivity for the invisibles

Ecography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(8)

Published: May 13, 2022

Because of land use changes, a worldwide decrease in biodiversity is underway, mostly driven by habitat degradation and fragmentation. Increasing landscape connectivity (i.e. the degree to which facilitates movement between patches) has been proposed as key landscape‐level strategy counterbalance negative effects A robust theoretical methodological framework developed for concept connectivity, an increasing body empirical evidence supports relevance biodiversity. However, was built ignoring species that represent dominant proportion on earth: microorganisms. The extent existing conceptual frameworks can be applied microorganisms remain unknown. We reviewed analyzed methods test influence included all types microorganisms, from symbiotic pathogenic free‐living across ecosystems. describe effect microorganism populations communities, identify limitations large gaps current knowledge. Microorganisms differ macroorganisms their response due short (distance less than meter) dispersal distance some groups, longer time lag (possibly accompanied evolutionary processes) host association. latter relies tight interactions feedback drive microbial‐landscape relationships lead possible coadaptation processes. Incorporating microbial community assembly rules preserve diversity communities ecosystem services they provide could crucial step forward face pressing global changes.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and evolutionary consequences of temporal variation in dispersal

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2024(2)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The importance of dispersal rates and distances has long been appreciated by ecologists evolutionary biologists. An emerging field research is revealing how temporal variation in can substantially influence ecological outcomes. We review temporally vary many ecosystems, a pattern that particularly well‐documented for aquatic organisms but likely pervasive terrestrial ecosystems as well. then synthesize the effects on five key processes: 1) metapopulation dynamics, 2) local adaptation, 3) range limits expansions, 4) species coexistence 5) metacommunity dynamics. Our demonstrates more than just statistical ‘noise' fact lead to different outcomes expected were constant. For example, increasing magnitude lower growth rates, permit greater facilitate accelerate expansion, increase regional coexistence, alter diversity. These inform conservation natural resource management decisions such prioritization spatial planning, spillover from domesticated or captive populations into native populations, design effective control strategies invasive species.

Language: Английский

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Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 4, 2023

Abstract Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes the composition diversity of aboveground plant communities. In turn, this alter seed banks soil, which are cryptic reservoirs diversity. Here, we use data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range climatic environmental conditions, test joint effects fertilization mammalian similarity between communities banks. We find that decreases species richness banks, homogenizes bank Fertilization increases abundance especially presence herbivores, while effect is smaller absence herbivores. Our findings highlight weaken maintaining mechanism grasslands, needs be considered when assessing abundance.

Language: Английский

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The active free-living bathypelagic microbiome is largely dominated by rare surface taxa

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract A persistent microbial seed bank is postulated to sustain the marine biosphere, and recent findings show that prokaryotic taxa present in ocean’s surface dominate communities throughout water column. Yet, environmental conditions exert a tight control on activity of prokaryotes, drastic changes these are known occur from deep waters. The simultaneous characterization total (DNA) active (i.e. with potential for protein synthesis, RNA) free-living 13 stations distributed across tropical subtropical global ocean allowed us assess their change structure diversity along We observed were surprisingly more similar vertical gradient than communities. Looking at connectivity vs. communities, we found detected sometimes accounted 75% microbiome bathypelagic waters (50% average). These generally rare surface, representing small fraction all taxa. Our leads inactivation disappearance large proportion taxa, but some surface-rare remain (or synthesis) microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Are dispersal and dormancy alternative strategies for overcoming environmental variability?

Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Dispersal and dormancy serve as strategies for persistence in varying uncertain environments are critical to ecological models of biodiversity maintenance. Theories specific scenarios that favor dispersal, dormancy, or their covariance rarely tested empirically, particularly response realistically complex patterns spatiotemporal environmental variation. To resolve these complexities, we collected 20 populations Vulpia microstachys , an annual grass native California, from the field grew them a greenhouse, on offspring generation measured seed dispersal ability rates. We hypothesized rates, but not abilities, would be highest more productive, temporally variable sites, causing evolve independently—in other words, leveraged evolved differences among identify what strategy (i.e., both) is most likely at different parts variability gradient. Our data suggest both combat axes scales spatial heterogeneity can independently (thus, they forced covary). Most surprisingly, appears have overcoming microgeographic heterogeneity, outcome our knowledge has been considered by theory; confirm plausibility this conclusion with simulation. In sum, provide much needed empirical evolution coping variance, well new perspective function provides heterogeneous landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Species occupancy is inflated by sink populations in productive environments but not unproductive environments

Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract For decades, community ecologists have examined how diversity varies with ecosystem productivity. Despite this long history, tests of hypothesized mechanisms, namely the interplay between environmental filtering, biotic interactions, and dispersal, are lacking, largely due to intractability using traditional approaches. Across a productivity gradient in serpentine grassland (California, USA), for four annual plant species, we coupled local estimates, occupancy surveys, measures persistence tested on transplants under natural conditions when interactions neighbors were experimentally reduced. We found positive effect (i.e., proportion our focal species occupying location) despite strong competition limiting productive environments. Additionally, across community, mismatch versus persistence, dispersal excess causing sink populations negative growth rates. Our results suggest that diversity–productivity relationships can be driven by its interactive effects abiotic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Seed banks alter metacommunity diversity: The interactive effects of competition, dispersal and dormancy

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 740 - 753

Published: Dec. 29, 2021

Dispersal and dormancy are two common strategies allowing for species persistence the maintenance of biodiversity in variable environments. However, theory empirical tests spatial diversity patterns tend to examine either mechanism isolation. Here, we developed a stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity model incorporating seed banks with varying germination survival rates. We found that dispersal had interactive, nonlinear effects on distribution diversity. Seed promoted local when was high maintained regional through interactions dispersal. The benefits were largest or intermediate, depending whether competition equal stabilising. Our study shows classic predictions how affects can be strongly influenced by dormancy. Together, these results emphasise need consider both temporal processes predicting multi-scale

Language: Английский

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Bacteria-phage coevolution with a seed bank

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1315 - 1325

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract Dormancy is an adaptation to living in fluctuating environments. It allows individuals enter a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity when challenged by unfavorable conditions. can also influence species interactions providing organisms with refuge from predators and parasites. Here we test the hypothesis that, generating seed bank protected individuals, dormancy modify patterns processes antagonistic coevolution. We conducted factorially designed experiment where passaged bacterial host (Bacillus subtilis) its phage (SPO1) presence versus absence consisting dormant endospores. Owing part inability phages attach spores, banks stabilized population dynamics resulted minimum densities that were 30-fold higher compared bacteria unable engage dormancy. By supplying phage-sensitive strains, show retained phenotypic diversity was otherwise lost selection. stored genetic diversity. After characterizing allelic variation pooled sequencing, found twice as many genes mutations, whether present or not. Based on mutational trajectories over course experiment, demonstrate dampen bacteria-phage Not only does create structure memory buffers populations against environmental fluctuations, it modifies ways feed back onto eco-evolutionary microbial communities.

Language: Английский

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