Island Biogeography

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Island Biogeography: Geo-environmental Dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Human Impact, and Conservation provides a synthetic review covering islands as model systems in the life sciences. It is centred on study of geographical distribution biodiversity how it changes through time, understood medium island biotas ecosystems. comprises four parts devoted turn to: environments; ecology; evolution; human impact conservation. describes origins dynamics different types key characteristics environments that shape their biotic characteristics. identifies theories ecology reviews progress towards evaluation development. sets out essential building blocks evolution emergent patterns insular endemism evolutionary syndromes animals plants. geo-environmental are crucial relevance to understanding developing improved explanatory predictive models ecological dynamics. application theory fragmented spread societies across world these subsequent colonization events environments, biotas, sustainability islands. evidence anthropogenic extinction islands, identifying drivers threats existing native species ecosystems, ways which may make particularly vulnerable certain external influences. considers distinctive conservation challenges solutions be effective

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary radiation of the Eurasian Pinus species under pervasive gene flow

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(5), P. 2353 - 2368

Published: March 21, 2024

Summary Evolutionary radiation, a pivotal aspect of macroevolution, offers valuable insights into evolutionary processes. The genus Pinus is the largest in conifers with 90% extant species emerged Miocene, which signifies case rapid diversification. Despite this remarkable history, our understanding mechanisms driving radiation within expansive has remained limited. Using exome capture sequencing and fossil‐calibrated phylogeny, we investigated divergence niche diversification, introgression among 13 closely related Eurasian spanning climate zones from tropics to boreal Arctic. We detected complex lineages subsection at all stages phylogeny. widespread gene exchange, each maintained its genetic identity showed clear differentiation. Demographic analysis unveiled distinct population histories these species, further influenced nucleotide diversity efficacy purifying positive selection species. Our findings suggest that pines was likely fueled by interspecific recombination reinforced their adaptation environments. study highlights constraints opportunities for change, expectations future response environmental changes different lineages.

Language: Английский

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Replicated radiation of a plant clade along a cloud forest archipelago

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1318 - 1329

Published: July 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Asteraceae as a model system for evolutionary studies: from fossils to genomes

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200(2), P. 143 - 164

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Abstract With c. 24 700 species (10% of all flowering plants), Asteraceae are one the largest and most phenotypically diverse angiosperm families, with considerable economic ecological importance. distributed worldwide, from nearly polar latitudes way to tropics, occur across a range habitats extreme deserts swamps lowland rainforests alpine tundra. Altogether, these characteristics make this family an outstanding model system address broad eco-evolutionary questions. In review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding on basis joint efforts by specialists fields palaeobotany, cytogenetics, comparative genomics phylogenomics. We will highlight how developments opening up new possibilities for integrating better comprehending evolution beyond Asteraceae.

Language: Английский

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Island biogeography of the megadiverse plant family Asteraceae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The megadiverse plant family Asteraceae forms an iconic component of island floras including many spectacular radiations, but a global picture its insular diversity is lacking. Here, we uncover the biogeographical and evolutionary patterns on islands to reveal magnitude potential causes their success. We compile checklist species native endemic combine it with macroecological analyses phylogenetic review radiations. have distribution islands, comprising approximately 6,000 species, 58% endemics. While lower than expected given overall diversity, are most diverse oceanic suggesting exceptional ability thrive in isolation. In agreement biogeography predictions, increases area decreases isolation, while endemism both. identify 39 confirmed radiations 69 putative exceeding numbers for other groups. Our results offer immense research ecology evolution, close tracking expectations, large number both cosmopolitan distribution, numerous undiscovered largest family, Asteraceae, floras. authors conduct review, showing that truly islands.

Language: Английский

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Comparative diversification analyses of Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae reveal complex evolutionary history as species disperse out of Mesoamerica

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The movement of lineages into novel areas can promote ecological opportunity and adaptive radiation, leading to significant species diversity. Not all studies, however, have identified support for associated with intercontinental colonizations. To gain key insights the drivers opportunity, we tested whether dispersals resulted in using Hydrangeaceae-Loasaceae clade, which has numerous centers diversity across globe. A time-calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed from four molecular markers. We bursts speciation rates followed by a decrease as expected phylogenetic patterns under an model. Ancestral ranges were estimated historical biogeographic analyses examine relationships ancestral distributions habitats extinction rates. Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae originated arid Mesoamerica, then dispersed South America, Eurasia, eastern North America. Six clades experienced increased diversification rates, but those increases not transitions new continental areas. Mentzelia section Bartonia only clade that exhibited burst decrease. Both families environments multiple mesic tropical environments, higher speciation-to-extinction ratio than western Nearctic. Dispersal between continents did trigger rate shifts Hydrangeaceae. Instead, occurred regions inhabited intrafamilial relatives likely driven climate change Miocene, where drier microhabitats diversified newly created habitats.

Language: Английский

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Allopolyploid origin and diversification of the Hawaiian endemic mints

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Island systems provide important contexts for studying processes underlying lineage migration, species diversification, and organismal extinction. The Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae family) are the second largest plant radiation on isolated Islands. We generated a chromosome-scale reference genome one species, Stenogyne calaminthoides , resequenced 45 relatives, representing 34 to uncover continental origins of this group their subsequent diversification. further 109 individuals two purported hybrids, found high Mauna Kea volcano island Hawai’i. three distinct genera, Haplostachys Phyllostegia nested inside fourth genus, Stachys . uncovered four independent polyploidy events within including allopolyploidy event direct western North American ancestors. While taxa may have principally diversified by parapatry drift in small fragmented populations, localized admixture played an role early Our genomic analyses view into how organisms radiated chains, settings that provided principal natural laboratories Darwin’s thinking about evolutionary process.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Influence of Host Radiation on Symbiont Speciation through Parasites of Species Flocks

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. a041450 - a041450

Published: May 20, 2024

Maarten P.M. Vanhove1, Nikol Kmentová1, Christel Faes2, Jorge M.O. Fernandes3,4, Christoph Hahn5, Niel Hens2,6, Antoine Pariselle7,8 and Stephan Koblmüller5 1Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium 2Interuniversity Institute Biostatistics Statistical Bioinformatics (I-Biostat), Data Science Institute, 3Faculty of Biosciences Aquaculture, Nord 8026 Bodø, Norway 4Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 5Institute Biology, University Graz, 8010 Austria 6Centre Health Economic Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Disease Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, 7Institute Evolutionary Montpellier, la Recherche Scientifique, Université Institut pour le Développement, 34394 France 8Laboratory Biodiversity, Ecology Genome, Faculty Mohammed V in Rabat, 10000 Morocco Correspondence: maarten.vanhove{at}uhasselt.be

Language: Английский

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Converging forms: an examination of sub-Arctic, circumarctic, and Central Asian Ranunculus auricomus agg. populations

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 17, 2024

Introduction Phenotypic complexity in species complexes and recently radiated lineages has resulted a diversity of forms that have historically been classified into separate taxa. Increasingly, with the proliferation high-throughput sequencing methods, additional layers recognized, such as frequent hybridization reticulation, which may call question previous morphological groupings closely related organisms. Methods We investigated Northern European, Asian, Beringian populations Ranunculus auricomus agg. phylogenomic analysis 736 genes 27,586 SNPs order to deduce interrelatedness hybrid origin this phenotypically taxonomically complicated group from Europe characterized by history hybridization, polyploidy, apomixis, recent radiation. The ploidy levels reproductive mode European were assessed via flow cytometric seed screening. In addition, examine phenotypic plasticity dwarf previously described summarized monophyllus group, we conducted climate chamber experiments under cold (northern) warm (temperate) conditions. Results are tetra- hexaploid propagate primarily through apomixis. complex is highly reticulate relationships. Genetic differentiation main clusters occurred between above-mentioned geographical regions. find evidence for taxa these areas differing genomic contributions geographically nearest sexual progenitor species. Furthermore, polyphyly R. supported. Experiments show low lability traits associated group. Discussion conclude multiple adaptations hybrids colder climates shorter vegetation periods shaped phenotypes suggest formal classification nothotaxa within

Language: Английский

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Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 504 - 515

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Current models of island biogeography treat endemic and non-endemic species as if they were functionally equivalent, focussing primarily on richness. Thus, the functional composition biotas in relation to biogeographical variables remains largely unknown. Using plant trait data (plant height, leaf area flower length) for 895 native Canary Islands, we related distinctiveness climate rarity ages. Endemics showed a link climatically rare conditions that is consistent with geological change through time. However, did not differ between endemics non-endemics remained constant age. there no obvious occupancy climates, at least traits measured here, suggesting treating equivalent fundamentally wrong.

Language: Английский

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