Early adversity and the development of explore–exploit tradeoffs

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 616 - 630

Published: May 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Thermal Effects on Ecological Traits of Salmonids

Fishes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 337 - 337

Published: June 25, 2023

Here, I review thermal influences on metabolic rates and aerobic scope; growth; adult body size; reproductive behavioural traits, such as tendency timing of the migration salmonid fishes. A window bounded by upper lower incipient lethal temperatures (UILT LILT) determines where salmonids can survive. For most salmonids, LILT is close to 0 UILT between 20 30 °C. are influenced acclimation temperature. Thermal tolerance affected fish size ambient oxygen content, which decreases with increasing Standard rate (SMR), energy required maintain essential functions, increases temperature, whereas maximum (MMR) temperature until reaching a peak (pejus). Then, it gradually zero, i.e., critical limit (TCrit). Aerobic scope (AS = MMR-SMR) reaches its at pejus Metabolic be modified that experiences during embryogenesis possibly also larvae young fry. At feeding, growth point or below The optimum for reduced food intake increased size. As rate, embryonic development. In warmer climate, expected decrease chiefly because younger age maturity. Parental retained higher maturation produce larger eggs, this change in egg may transferred next-generation offspring. Furthermore, water leads gonad sizes Water locomotion, foraging migratory activity. juveniles migrate sea earlier spring. addition, embryo delayed return salmon from ocean. Thus, affects life history traits fishes, partly direct effect consumption induced phenotypically plastic effect. response preadapt offspring perform better future environment.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny: Bridging theory and data

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 14, 2024

Abstract Sensitive periods, in which experiences have a large impact on phenotypic development, are most common early ontogeny. Yet, they may also occur at later ontogenetic stages, such as adolescence. At present, however, we know little about why natural selection favours sensitive periods for some traits ontogeny and others This article synthesizes recent mathematical models empirical studies that explore beyond Across models, observe two general patterns. First, emerge when an organism's uncertainty the environment‐phenotype fit increases developmental stages. Second, cues stages reduce this more than earlier do. In literature, showing tend to be social traits, particularly among mammals. Connecting theory data, hypothesize mammals evolved expect reliable information from peers adolescence current future environment (e.g. dominance, mate value). Finally, highlight gaps our understanding suggest directions strengthening bridges between theoretical of periods. Ultimately, hope synthesis will contribute towards integrative science across biological sciences. Read free Plain Language Summary Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Sensitive windows for within- and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Transgenerational plasticity could be an important mechanism for adaptation to variable environments in addition within-generational plasticity.But its potential may restricted specific developmental windows that are highly sensitive and responsive environmental cues.Determining these is essential understand the temporal dynamic of cue detection, phenotype induction selection.We examined both within-and trans-generational anti-predator defences freshwater snail Physa acuta.Parental snails were exposed olfactory cues their crayfish predator at different exposure windows: embryonic development, early, mid or late postembryonic development.Behavioural morphological then assessed adult parents offspring.The window was whole post-embryonic a combination early-life development depending on defence.This showed periods (embryonic early post-embryonic) plasticity.However, also persisted until stages some defences, providing evidence not only as empirical theoretical studies often state.There less transgenerational plasticity: and/or development.Interestingly, period defence when it defence.On opposite, plasticity.This suggests plasticity, although linked by window, induced via channel, independent expression.Finally, never theoretically expected.This result explained long-term reliability parental our system.It worth noting we did find any either because none them all similar magnitude.Overall, shapes responses thus brings complexity study phenotypic notably comes determining adaptive potential.

Language: Английский

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Cumulative adversity and survival in the wild

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Protecting populations contending with co-occurring stressors requires a better understanding of how multiple early-life affect the fitness natural systems. However, complexity such research has limited its advancement and prevented us from answering new questions. In human studies, cumulative risk models predict adult health based on early adversity exposure. We apply similar framework in wild yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). tested indices (CAIs) across different types time windows. All CAIs were associated decreased pup survival well supported. Moderate acute, but not standardized lifespan, supporting stress hypothesis endurance adversity. Multivariate showed that differences lifespan driven by weaning date, precipitation, maternal loss, they performed poorly compared CAI models. highlight development, utility, insights approaches for ecology conservation.

Language: Английский

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Sensitive windows for phenotypic plasticity within and across generations; where empirical results do not meet the theory but open a world of possibilities

Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

A recommendation of: Juliette Tariel-Adam; Émilien Luquet; Sandrine Plénet Sensitive windows for within- and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/mr8hu

Language: Английский

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Time‐specific convergence and divergence in individual differences in behavior: Theory, protocols and analyzes

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract Over the years, theoreticians and empiricists working in a wide range of disciplines, including physiology, ethology, psychology, behavioral ecology, have suggested variety reasons why individual differences behavior might change over time, such that different individuals become more similar (convergence) or less (divergence) to one another. Virtually none these investigators convergence divergence will continue forever, instead proposing patterns be restricted particular periods course longer study. However, date, few documented time‐specific divergence, part because experimental designs statistical methods suitable for describing are not widely known. Here, we begin by reviewing an array influential hypotheses predict timescales ranging from minutes suggest how likely time (e.g., followed maintenance). Then, describe can used determine if (and when ) converged, diverged, were maintained at same level specific during longitudinal Finally, concepts described herein help explain discrepancy between what mean they “emergence” personality, study situations which alternate changes other attributes behavior, intraindividual variability (predictability), genotypic behavior.

Language: Английский

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Developmental arcs of plasticity in whole movement repertoires of a clonal fish

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Abstract Developmental plasticity at the behavioral repertoire level allows animals to incrementally adjust their phenotypes match environments through ontogeny, serving as a lynchpin between ecological factors that cue phenotypic adjustments and evolutionary forces select upon emergent variation. Quantifying continuous arcs of throughout animals’ development, however, has often been prohibitively challenging. Here, we leverage recent advancements in high-resolution tracking analysis (i) track behavior 45 genetically identical fish clones ( Poecilia formosa ) reared near-identical during first four weeks life 0.2 s resolution (ii) quantify across entire repertoires development. Doing so, are able test one most fundamental theoretical predictions from Bayesian models development stable (but initially unknown) environments, should gradually decrease maximum beginning life. Using two approaches measure individual metrics before also developing novel whole-repertoire approach calculates degree ‘behavioral entropy’ multi-dimensional phenotype space. We robustly find – despite experimentally matching best possible assumptions predict decreasing ∼two-week initial increase movement behaviors subsequently decreased. Our results challenge common intuition about optimal developmental course early thereby demonstrating value long-term for testing on Significance statement Behavioral may help uncertainty moderately unpredictable environments. In this becoming less sensitive incoming information (and thus behaviorally plastic) they age. This intuitive expectation ‘old dog’ inflexibility ‘new tricks’, not adequately tested with long-term, highresolution datasets would be ideal. achieve such emphasize significance study (1) providing method quantifying continuously timeseries (2) theory links temporal patterning environmental conditions evolved patterns

Language: Английский

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The evolution of reversible plasticity in stable environments

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity – the capacity of a genotype to develop into different phenotypes depending on environmental inputs is widespread in nature. Although construction often focus research, many animals are also able deconstruct phenotypic adjustments. Organisms routinely use such reversible adjust changes their social or physical environment. For example, various invertebrates defensive morphologies previously built defend against predators. Theory that explores selection pressures favoring reversibility scarce. Existing theory has almost exclusively focused traits instantaneously rather than incrementally, as common with morphological traits. Here, we present model evolution when organisms incrementally. In our model, repeatedly sample cues infer state which varies between generations but stable across lifetime and incrementally phenotype match have possibility We assume two modes deconstruction: can either adjustments completely all one time period. highlight results. First, while typically highest early ontogeny, levels deconstruction occur mid-ontogeny. Second, contrasting previous models, find evolves frequently environments species shorter lifespans. Our thus shows does not require change. Rather, may be favored uncertain about because environment change generations. work illustrates for who experience first lives.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny: Bridging theory and data

Published: April 1, 2024

Sensitive periods, during which experiences have a large impact on phenotypic development, are most common early in ontogeny, yet they also occur later ontogenetic stages, including adolescence. At present, however, we know little about why natural selection favors sensitive periods for some traits ontogeny and others ontogeny. This article synthesizes recent mathematical models empirical studies that explore beyond Across formal models, observe two general patterns. First, emerge when an organism’s uncertainty the environment-phenotype fit increases at developmental stages. Second, cues stages reduce this more than earlier do. In literature, showing tend to be social traits, particularly among mammals. Connecting theory data, hypothesize mammals evolved expect highly reliable information from peers adolescence current future environment (e.g. dominance, mate value). Finally, highlight gaps our understanding, describe how different ways of quantifying influenced observed patterns, suggest directions strengthening bridges between theoretical periods. Ultimately, hope synthesis will contribute towards integrative science across biological sciences.

Language: Английский

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