Pervasive relaxed selection on spermatogenesis genes coincident with the evolution of polygyny in gorillas

Published: May 9, 2024

Gorillas have a polygynous social system in which the highest-ranking male has almost exclusive access to females and sires most of offspring troop. Such behavior results dramatic reduction sperm competition, is ultimately associated with numerous traits that cause low efficacy gorilla spermatogenesis. However, molecular basis behind remarkable erosion reproductive remains unknown. Here, we explored genetic consequences gorillas by testing for altered selection intensity across 13,310 orthologous protein-coding genes from 261 Eutherian mammals. We identified 578 relaxed purifying lineage, compared only 96 were positively selected. Genes under accumulated deleterious amino acid substitutions, their expression biased towards germ cells, are enriched functions related meiosis biology. tested function previously not implicated biology using Drosophila model 41 novel spermatogenesis required normal fertility. Furthermore, exploring exome/genome sequencing data infertile men severe spermatogenic impairment, found human orthologs loss-of-function variants men. These provide compelling evidence reduced competition on function. The accumulation mutations these likely provides mechanistic uncovers new candidate infertility.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive relaxed selection on spermatogenesis genes coincident with the evolution of polygyny in gorillas

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Abstract Gorillas have a polygynous social system in which the highest-ranking male has almost exclusive access to females and sires most of offspring troop. Such behavior results dramatic reduction sperm competition, is ultimately associated with numerous traits that cause low efficacy gorilla spermatogenesis. However, molecular basis behind remarkable erosion reproductive remains unknown. Here, we explored genetic consequences gorillas by testing for altered selection intensity across 13,310 orthologous protein-coding genes from 261 Eutherian mammals. We identified 578 relaxed purifying lineage, compared only 96 were positively selected. Genes under accumulated deleterious amino acid substitutions, their expression biased towards germ cells, are enriched functions related meiosis biology. tested function previously not implicated biology using Drosophila model 41 novel spermatogenesis required normal fertility. Furthermore, exploring exome/genome sequencing data infertile men severe spermatogenic impairment, found human orthologs loss-of-function variants men. These provide compelling evidence reduced competition on function. The accumulation mutations these likely provides mechanistic uncovers new candidate infertility.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive relaxed selection on spermatogenesis genes coincident with the evolution of polygyny in gorillas

Published: May 9, 2024

Gorillas have a polygynous social system in which the highest-ranking male has almost exclusive access to females and sires most of offspring troop. Such behavior results dramatic reduction sperm competition, is ultimately associated with numerous traits that cause low efficacy gorilla spermatogenesis. However, molecular basis behind remarkable erosion reproductive remains unknown. Here, we explored genetic consequences gorillas by testing for altered selection intensity across 13,310 orthologous protein-coding genes from 261 Eutherian mammals. We identified 578 relaxed purifying lineage, compared only 96 were positively selected. Genes under accumulated deleterious amino acid substitutions, their expression biased towards germ cells, are enriched functions related meiosis biology. tested function previously not implicated biology using Drosophila model 41 novel spermatogenesis required normal fertility. Furthermore, exploring exome/genome sequencing data infertile men severe spermatogenic impairment, found human orthologs loss-of-function variants men. These provide compelling evidence reduced competition on function. The accumulation mutations these likely provides mechanistic uncovers new candidate infertility.

Language: Английский

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Sperm swimming speed and morphology differ slightly among the three genetic morphs of ruff sandpiper (Calidris pugnax), but show no clear polymorphism

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

The ruff sandpiper ( Calidris pugnax ) is a lekking shorebird with three male morphs that differ remarkably in behavior, ornaments, size, and endocrinology. are determined by an autosomal inversion. Aggressive Independents evolved first, female-mimicking Faeders ~4 mil year ago when short segment of chromosome reversed orientation, semi-cooperative Satellites ~70,000 years through recombination the Independent Faeder inversion-segment genotypes. Although genetic differences between affect numerous phenotypic traits, it unknown whether they also sperm traits. Here, we use captive-bred population ruffs to compare other birds swimming speed morphology among morphs. Ruff resembled those passerines, but moved differently. slowest had longest midpiece. Independents’ were neither fastest nor least variable, shortest tail midpiece contains energy-producing mitochondria, its length was not associated speed. Instead, two velocity metrics weakly positively correlated head (absolute relative). We conclude there indication quantitative morphs, no clear polymorphism.

Language: Английский

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Differences in sperm swimming speed and morphology between the three genetic morphs in the ruff sandpiper

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 30, 2023

Abstract Background The ruff sandpiper Calidris pugnax is a Palearctic lekking shorebird with three genetic morphs determined by an autosomal inversion. Male differ strikingly in body size, ornaments, endocrinology and mating behavior. Aggressive Independents represent the ancestral haplotype, while female-mimicking Faeders semi-cooperative Satellites are inverted haplotypes. Because one inversion breakpoint homozygous lethal, haplotypes cannot recombine expected to accumulate deleterious mutations. regions also harbor genes involved spermatogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether differences between translate into sperm traits. Here, we use captive-bred population of ruffs compare swimming speed morphology among morphs. Results Ruff morphologically resembled those passerines, but moved differently, vibrating from side slowly moving forward, rather than rotating forward. Faeder slowest, which consistent prediction deterioration over time. against expectation, did not seem be highest quality, i.e., their were fastest nor least variable, they had shortest tail midpiece. Although midpiece contains energy-producing mitochondria, length was associated speed. Instead, two velocity metrics weakly positively correlated head (absolute relative). Conclusions genetically showed subtle some components. between-morph linked morphology. We conclude that there at best limited evidence for lower-quality carry inversion, suggest potential evolution morph-specific adaptations may this system. Lay Summary exhibits distinct types males, markedly hormones, type evolved first. Semi-cooperative later through specific rearrangement called ‘inversion’, segment chromosome reversed orientation. Due nature Satellite chromosomes deteriorate unclear these morphs, affect physiological behavioral traits, used captive measurements males. expectations based on our expectations, does appear have better performance characteristics. responsible energy production, relate

Language: Английский

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Learning from Our Study Organisms about Sexual Selection: Lessons from the Ocellated Wrasse

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 201(3), P. 418 - 428

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Sexual selection is a powerful force shaping not only the details but also breadth of what we see in nature. Yet so much unexplained variation remains. Organisms often solve “problem” how to pass on their genes ways that do fit our current expectations. I argue here integrating empirical surprises will push understanding sexual forward. Such “nonmodel” organisms (i.e., species think they should do) challenge us deeply, integrate puzzling results, question assumptions, and consider new (and arguably better) questions these unexpected patterns pose. In this article, share observations from my long-term research ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus) have shaped suggested about interplay among selection, plasticity, social interactions. My general premise, however, others study questions. Instead, for change culture field—to results welcome opportunity generate learn things selection. Those positions power (e.g., as editors, reviewers, authors) need lead way.

Language: Английский

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