Challenges and Opportunities of Implantable Neural Interfaces: From Material, Electrochemical and Biological Perspectives

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(32)

Published: June 8, 2023

Abstract The desirable implantable neural interfaces can accurately record bioelectrical signals from neurons and regulate activities with high spatial/time resolution, facilitating the understanding of neuronal functions dynamics. However, electrochemical performance (impedance, charge storage/injection capacity) is limited miniaturization integration electrodes. “crosstalk” caused by uneven distribution elctric field leads to lower electrical stimulation/recording efficiency. mismatch between stiff electrodes soft tissues exacerbates inflammatory responses, thus weakening transmission signals. Though remarkable breakthroughs have been made through incorporation optimizing electrode design functionalized nanomaterials, chronic stability, long‐term activity in vivo still need further development. In this review, interface challenges mainly on electrochemistry biology are discussed, followed summarizing typical optimization technologies exploring recent advances application based traditional metallic materials, emerging 2D conducting polymer hydrogels, etc., for enhancing interfaces. strategies improving durability including enhanced adhesion minimized response, also summarized. promising directions finally presented provide enlightenment high‐performance future, which will promote profound progress neuroscience research.

Language: Английский

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Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 2205 - 2280

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction mechanics by eliminating electrochemical storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts physiological processes, enables stimulation, allows control over organs realize therapeutic diagnostic paradigms. Driven seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key advances carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, electromagnetic systems form implantables mechanical properties closely matched target deliver functionality supports sensors stimulators. The elimination operation, anywhere from acute, lifetimes matching subject physical dimensions imperceptible operation. review provides comprehensive overview basic building blocks related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, user acceptance. State art examples categorized system an outlook interconnection advanced strategies for computation leveraging consistent influx elevate this current battery-powered is highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Retinal Prostheses: Engineering and Clinical Perspectives for Vision Restoration

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 5782 - 5782

Published: June 21, 2023

A retinal prosthesis, also known as a bionic eye, is device that can be implanted to partially restore vision in patients with diseases have resulted the loss of photoreceptors (e.g., age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa). Recently, there been major breakthroughs prosthesis technology, creation numerous types implants, including epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal sensors. These devices stimulate remaining cells retina electric signals create visual sensation. literature review pre-clinical clinical studies published between 2017 2023 conducted. This narrative delves into anatomy, physiology, pathology, principles underlying electronic prostheses. Engineering aspects are explored, electrode–retina alignment, electrode size material, charge density, resolution limits, spatial selectivity, bidirectional closed-loop systems. article discusses aspects, focusing on safety, adverse events, function, outcomes, importance rehabilitation programs. Moreover, ongoing debate over whether implantable still offer promising approach for treatment diseases, considering recent emergence cell-based gene-based therapies well optogenetics. compares prostheses these alternative therapies, providing balanced perspective their advantages limitations. The advancements technology outlined, emphasizing progress engineering outlook While acknowledging challenges complexities this highlights significant potential restoration individuals calls continued research development refine enhance performance, ultimately improving patient outcomes quality life.

Language: Английский

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Noninvasive electrical stimulation as a neuroprotective strategy in retinal diseases: a systematic review of preclinical studies

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Abstract Background Electrical activity has a crucial impact on the development and survival of neurons. Numerous recent studies have shown that noninvasive electrical stimulation (NES) neuroprotective action in various retinal disorders. Objective To systematically review literature vivo provide comprehensive summary mechanisms NES Methods Based PRISMA guideline, systematic was conducted PubMed, Web Science, Embase, Scopus Cochrane Library to collect all relevant “the role diseases” published up until September 2023. Possible biases were identified with adopted SYRCLE’s tool. Results Of 791 initially gathered studies, 21 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text review. The results revealed effect (involved whole-eye, transcorneal, transscleral, transpalpebral, transorbital stimulation) different diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, degeneration, high-intraocular pressure injury, traumatic optic neuropathy, nonarteritic ischemic neuropathy. could effectively delay degeneration apoptosis neurons, preserve structure visual function high security, its mechanism might be related promoting secretion neurotrophins growth factors, decreasing inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis. quality scores included ranged from 5 8 points (a total 10 points), according risk bias Conclusion This indicated exerts effects disease models mainly through neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic capabilities. assess efficacy therapeutic setting, however, well-designed clinical trials are required future.

Language: Английский

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Activation and depression of neural and hemodynamic responses induced by the intracortical microstimulation and visual stimulation in the mouse visual cortex

Journal of Neural Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 026033 - 026033

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract Objective . Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) can be an effective method for restoring sensory perception in contemporary brain–machine interfaces. However, the mechanisms underlying better control of neuronal responses remain poorly understood, as well relationship between activity and other concomitant phenomena occurring around stimulation site. Approach Different frequencies were investigated vivo on Thy1-GCaMP6s mice using widefield two-photon imaging to evaluate evoked excitatory neural across multiple spatial scales induced hemodynamic responses. Specifically, we quantified stimulation-induced activation depression mouse visual cortex measured oxyhemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin signals mesoscopic-scale imaging. Main results Our calcium findings revealed a preference lower-frequency driving stronger activation. A depressive response following preferred slightly higher frequency compared Hemodynamic exhibited comparable spread signals. Oxyhemoglobin concentration site remained elevated during post-activation (depression) period. Somatic neuropil by microscopy showed similar dependence parameters, although magnitudes soma was greater than neuropil. Furthermore, higher-frequency more pronounced neuropil, while predominantly irrespective frequencies. Significance These suggest that mechanism differs from activation, requiring ample oxygen supply, affecting neurons. provide novel understanding ICMS offer insights into neuro-devices utilize both achieve desired

Language: Английский

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The role of the visual field size in artificial vision

Journal of Neural Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 023001 - 023001

Published: March 27, 2023

Objective. Artificial vision has been and still is the subject of intense research. The ultimate goal to help blind people in their daily life. Approaches artificial vision, including visual prostheses optogenetics, have strongly focused on restoring high acuity for object recognition reading. Consequently, clinical trials were primarily these parameters.Approach. Alternatively, enlarging field (VF) size could significantly improve vision.Main results. I propose that approaches towards address challenge creating this rudimental form sight within a large VF.Significance. Enlarging VF will enable users mobility perform visually-driven search tasks. Eventually, it make more efficient, comfortable acceptable from user's point view.

Language: Английский

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Optimization frameworks for bespoke sensory encoding in neuroprosthetics

APL Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(2)

Published: May 20, 2025

Restoring natural sensation via neuroprosthetics relies on the possibility of encoding complex and nuanced information. For example, an ideal brain–machine interface with sensory feedback would provide user about movement, pressure, curvature, texture, etc. Despite advances in neural interfaces that allow for stimulation patterns (e.g., multisite or targeting a precise ensemble), key question remains: How can we best exploit potential these technologies? The increasing number electrodes coupled more parameters being explored leads to exponential increase possible combinations, making brute-force approach, such as systematic search, impractical. This Perspective outlines three different optimization frameworks—namely, explicit, physiological, self-optimized methods—allowing one potentially converge faster toward effective parameters. Although our focus will be somatosensory system, frameworks are flexible applicable various systems vision) stimulator types.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning Techniques for Simulating Human Psychophysical Testing of Low‐Resolution Phosphene Face Images in Artificial Vision

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract To evaluate the quality of artificial visual percepts generated by emerging methodologies, researchers often rely on labor‐intensive and tedious human psychophysical experiments. These experiments necessitate repeated iterations upon any major/minor modifications in hardware/software configurations. Here, capacity standard machine learning (ML) models is investigated to accurately replicate quaternary match‐to‐sample tasks using low‐resolution facial images represented arrays phosphenes as input stimuli. Initially, performance ML trained approximate innate recognition abilities across a dataset comprising 3600 phosphene faces analyzed. Subsequently, due time constraints potential for subject fatigue, test limited presenting only 720 36 subjects. Notably, superior model adeptly mirrors behavioral trend subjects, offering precise predictions 8 out 9 levels overlapping queries. performances untested are predicted, streamlining process minimizing need additional tests. The findings underscore transformative reshaping research paradigm prosthetics, facilitating expedited advancement prostheses.

Language: Английский

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Potential therapeutic strategies for photoreceptor degeneration: the path to restore vision

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of neuroretina, are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by brain. PR degeneration, including morphological functional impairment these cells, causes significant diminution retina’s ability to detect light, with consequent loss vision. Recent findings in ocular regenerative medicine have opened promising avenues apply neuroprotective therapy, gene cell replacement visual prostheses challenge restoring However, successful restoration clinical setting requires application therapeutic approaches at appropriate stage retinal degeneration. In this review, firstly, we discuss mechanisms degeneration focusing on molecular underlying death. Subsequently, innovations, recent developments, treatments based disorder progression further explored. Then, challenges addressed before implementation therapies practice considered. Finally, potential solutions overcome current limitations growing research area suggested. Overall, majority treatment modalities still an early development require extensive additional studies, both pre-clinical clinical, full function diseases realized. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Attitudes of potential recipients toward emerging visual prosthesis technologies

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 6, 2023

With the advent of multiple visual prosthesis devices to treat blindness, question how potential patients view such interventions becomes important in order understand levels expectation and acceptance, perceived risk-reward balance across different device approaches. Building on previous work single approaches done with blind individuals Chicago Detroit, USA, Melbourne, Australia, Bejing, China, we investigated attitudes Athens, Greece coverage expanded three contemporary approaches, Retinal, Thalamic, Cortical. We presented an informational lecture had participants fill out a preliminary Questionnaire 1, then organized selected subjects into focus groups for guided discussion prostheses, finally these more detailed 2. report here first quantitative data that compares Our primary findings are patients, risk continues outweigh benefits, Retinal approach having least negative overall impression Cortical most negative. Concerns about quality restored vision were primary. Factors drove choice hypothetical participation clinical trial age years blindness. Secondary factors focused positive outcomes. The served swing impressions each from neutrality toward extremes Likert scale, shifted willingness participate neutral These results, coupled informal assessment audience questions after lecture, suggest substantial improvement performance over currently available will be necessary before prostheses gain wide acceptance.

Language: Английский

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