Adolescent Δ⁸-THC and Marijuana Use in the US

JAMA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 331(10), P. 861 - 861

Published: March 12, 2024

Importance Gummies, flavored vaping devices, and other cannabis products containing psychoactive hemp-derived Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are increasingly marketed in the US with claims of being federally legal comparable to marijuana. National data on prevalence correlates -THC use comparisons marijuana among adolescents lacking. Objective To estimate self-reported sociodemographic policy factors associated past 12 months. Design, Setting, Participants This nationally representative cross-sectional analysis included a randomly selected subset 12th-grade students 27 states who participated Monitoring Future Study in-school survey during February June 2023. Exposures Self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, parental education; census region; state-level adult-use (ie, recreational) legalization (yes vs no); policies (regulated not regulated). Main Outcomes Measures The primary outcome was months (any no number occasions used). Results In sample 2186 (mean age, 17.7 years; 1054 [48.9% weighted] were female; 232 [11.1%] Black, 411 [23.5%] Hispanic, 1113 [46.1%] White, 328 [14.2%] multiracial), 11.4% (95% CI, 8.6%-14.2%) for 30.4% 26.5%-34.4%) Of those 295 participants reporting use, 35.4% used it at least 10 times Prevalence lower Western Southern regions (5.0% 14.3%; risk difference [RD], −9.4% [95% −15.2% −3.5%]; adjusted ratio [aRR], 0.35 0.16-0.77]), which regulated (5.7% 14.4%; RD, −8.6% −12.9% −4.4%]; aRR, 0.42 0.23-0.74]), without (8.0% 14.0%; −6.0% −10.8% −1.2%]; 0.56 0.35-0.91]). Use Hispanic than White (7.3% −7.2% −12.2% −2.1%]; 0.54 0.34-0.87]) (24.5% 33.0%; −8.5% −14.9% 0.74 0.59-0.94]). did differ by sex or education. Conclusions Relevance is appreciable higher existing regulations. Prioritizing surveillance, policy, public health efforts addressing adolescent may be warranted.

Language: Английский

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Delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol: a scoping review and commentary

Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118(6), P. 1011 - 1028

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims Delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance from the Cannabis plant that has been rising in popularity United States since 2018 US Farm Bill implicitly legalized it. This study reviewed research peer‐reviewed non‐peer‐reviewed (e.g. anecdotal news) reports related to delta‐8 THC summarize current knowledge implications for public health safety. Methods A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar as search engines, leading identification of 103 documents were summarized. The themes emerged (1) legality, (2) use (popularity, motives, psychoactivity/potency, benefits/consequences), (3) synthesis (byproducts, laboratory testing) (4) retail (availability, price, packaging, youth‐oriented marketing). second author independently coded 20% documents, which verified categorization articles by these emergent themes. Results Most used animal/cell models or focused upon ways identify chemical structure various products. Findings suggest people often substitute other substances. Anecdotally, less potent than delta‐9 THC; however, several negative consequences have reported. There no federal age restriction purchase/possession readily accessible on‐line, typically expensive marketed would seemingly appeal children. are regulations on synthesis, resulting products being contaminated and/or yielding inconsistent effects. thousands calls poison control centers due accidental exposure among minors. Conclusions largely anecdotal, not does involve human subjects. Future should examine nationally representative samples more clearly understand prevalence use. Laws needed mitigate risks THC, particularly quality minimum purchase age.

Language: Английский

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Past-Year Use Prevalence of Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, Cannabinol, and Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Among US Adults

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. e2347373 - e2347373

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

This survey study characterizes past-year use prevalence and factors associated with of cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol, Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol among US adults.

Language: Английский

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Delta-8, a Cannabis-Derived Tetrahydrocannabinol Isomer: Evaluating Case Report Data in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database

Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 25 - 38

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency adverse effects where delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (D8-THC) identified as a possible suspect drug in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Language: Английский

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Complexity of Translating Analytics to Recent Cannabis Use and Impairment

Journal of AOAC International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107(3), P. 493 - 505

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

While current analytical methodologies can readily identify cannabis use, definitively establishing recent use within the impairment window has proven to be far more complex, requiring a new approach. Recent studies have shown no direct relationship between and Δ9-tetra-hydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) concentrations in blood or saliva, making legal "per se" Δ9-THC limits scientifically unjustified. Current methods that focus on and/or metabolite blood, urine, exhaled breath lead false-positive results for due persistence of well outside typical 3-4 h potential following inhalation. There is also issue other intoxicating substances-just because subject exhibits signs detected does not rule out involvement drugs. Compounding matter increasing popularity hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) products passage 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized industrial hemp United States. Many these contain varying levels Δ9-THC, tests use. Furthermore, CBD used synthesize Δ8-THC, possesses psychoactive properties similar surrounded by controversy. For accuracy, must able distinguish various THC isomers, identical masses exhibit immunological cross-reactivity. A testing approach been developed based sampling incorporates kinetic changes presence key cannabinoids detect without seen with methods. The complexity determining may demands such comprehensive method so irresponsible users accurately falsely accusing responsible who unjustly suffer harsh, life-changing consequences.

Language: Английский

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Examining impairment and kinetic patterns associated with recent use of hemp-derived Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol: case studies

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

As a result of the legalization U.S. industrial hemp production in late 2018, products containing hemp-derived Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) are increasing popularity. Little, however, is known regarding Δ8-THC's impairment potential and associated impacts on roadway workplace safety, testing for Δ8-THC not yet common. The present study explored patterns cannabinoid kinetics with recent use Δ8-THC.Hemp-derived concentrate was administered by vaporization ad libitum to three male frequent cannabis users aged 23-25 years. In addition self-assessments using 10-point scale, horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) evaluated each subject as physical means assessing before after vaporization. To examine kinetic patterns, exhaled breath capillary blood samples were collected prior up 180 min post-vaporization analyzed liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry content validated methods. results then compared analogous obtained from same subjects they had smoked ∆9-THC cigarette previous determine whether any similarities existed.Patterns vaporizing similar those observed smoking cannabis, self-assessed peaking within first hour use, declining zero 3 h post-use. Likewise, HGN only vaporizing, post-vaporization, evidence dissipated. Cannabinoid (short ∆8-THC half-lives 5.2 11.2 at 20 presence key cannabinoids cannabichromene, cannabigerol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, breath/blood ratios > 2 post-vaporization) also study.Hemp-derived Δ9-THC display profiles, suggesting that may carry risks products. Standard methods need incorporate this emerging, cannabinoid.

Language: Английский

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A content analysis of social media discussions on THC-O-acetate

Cannabis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Novel cannabinoids require systematic research to inform policies and practices. There is a growing interest in semi-synthetic by consumers, manufacturers, regulators. However, there scarcity of on these substances. Online discussion forums can provide guidance for questions when current knowledge scarce. The project investigates the topics issues covered social media forum devoted THC-O-acetate (THCO), cannabinoid with rapidly rising popularity. Reddit comments posted THCO subreddit from June 2021 through November were coded major minor themes team five coders supervisor. Major established clarified group discussions. A second round coding confirmed identified themes. analysis several future THC-O-acetate, including extent variation product composition, characteristics user experiences comparisons other substances, whether produces psychedelic effects, concerns adverse experiences, harm reduction As an acetate ester, may break down heated release toxic ketene gas. Although users expressed safety regarding some explicitly mentioning risk, most common administration method reported was inhalation.

Language: Английский

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LC–MS-MS quantification of Δ8-THC, Δ9-THC, THCV isomers and their main metabolites in human plasma

Journal of Analytical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(7), P. 499 - 506

Published: June 4, 2024

Abstract In recent years, potential therapeutic applications of several different cannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), its isomer Δ8-THC and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV), have been investigated. Nevertheless, to establish dose–effect relationship gain knowledge their pharmacokinetics metabolism, sensitive specific analytical assays are needed measure these compounds in patients. For this reason, we developed validated an online extraction high-performance liquid/liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC–MS-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification 13 cannabinoids metabolites including Δ8 Δ9 isomers THC, THCV those major human plasma. Plasma was fortified with at varying concentrations within working range respective compound 200 µL extracted using a simple one-step protein precipitation procedure. The extracts were analyzed trapping LC/LC–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–MS-MS running positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. lower limit ranged from 0.5 2.5 ng/mL, upper 400 ng/mL all analytes. Inter-day accuracy imprecision 82.9% 109% 4.3% 20.3% (coefficient variance), respectively. Of 534 plasma samples following controlled oral administration Δ8-THCV, 236 Δ8-THCV (median; interquartile ranges: 3.5 ng/mL; 1.8–11.9 ng/mL), 383 metabolite (−)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8-THCV-COOH) (95.4 20.7–328 260 (−)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV-COOH) (5.8 2.5–16.1 157 (−)-11-hydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (11-OH-Δ8-THCV) (1.7 1.0–3.7 49 Δ8-THC-COOH 1.4–2.3 ng/mL) 42 Δ9-THCV (1.3 0.8–1.6 ng/mL). We first LC/LC–MS-MS assay Δ8-THC, Δ9-THC Δ8-THCV-COOH, 11-hydroxy-Δ8-THCV Δ9-THCV-COOH after 98.6% pure Δ8-THCV.

Language: Английский

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Psychiatric Manifestations of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) Use Among Patients With Preexisting Psychiatric Disorders: A Case Series

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) products, made from hemp-derived cannabidiol, have become more widely available since changes in legislation allowed hemp to be excluded controlled substances. These products are often perceived as a safe, legal, and accessible alternative marijuana or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. However, scientific research on their effects remains limited. There been reports of psychiatric symptoms associated with Δ8-THC use, although the literature is not yet comprehensive. In this report, we present three cases patients distinct preexisting disorders who developed various manifestations, including psychosis, after using products. All individuals had purchased these legally, believing them safe effective for managing symptoms. use ultimately led severe enough require hospitalization. This case series highlights need greater awareness potential Δ8-THC, particularly among mental health conditions, underscores critical gap

Language: Английский

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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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