SMORES: a simple microfluidic operating room for the examination and surgery of Stentor coeruleus

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

Ciliates are powerful unicellular model organisms that have been used to elucidate fundamental biological processes. However, the high motility of ciliates presents a major challenge in studies using live-cell microscopy and microsurgery. While various immobilization methods developed, they physiologically disruptive cell incompatible with and/or Here, we describe Simple Microfluidic Operating Room for Examination Surgery Stentor coeruleus (SMORES). SMORES uses Quake valve-based microfluidics trap, compress, perform surgery on as our ciliate. Compared previous methods, by physical compression is more effective uniform. The mean velocity compressed cells 24 times less than uncompressed cells. minimally easily applied or removed 3D-printed pressure rig. We demonstrate up 2 h without sacrificing viability. compatible confocal capable media exchange pharmacokinetic studies. Finally, modular design allows laser ablation mechanical dissection into many fragments at once. These capabilities expected enable previously impossible other motile species.

Language: Английский

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Biophysics of protist behaviour

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(20), P. R981 - R986

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Basal body organization and cell geometry during the cell cycle in Tetrahymena thermophila

Molecular Biology of the Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Tetrahymena thermophila possesses arrays of motile cilia that promote fluid flow for cell motility. These consist intricately organized basal bodies (BBs) nucleate and position at the cortex. geometry spatial organization BBs play important roles in size, swimming, feeding, division. How BB are established maintained remains poorly understood, prior studies have been limited due to difficulties accurate identification small sample size. We therefore developed an automated image processing pipeline segments single cells, distinguishes unique populations, assigns into distinct ciliary rows, new from mature BBs. identified features describe variation shape unsynchronized single-cell images. The results reveal asymmetries distribution ingression cytokinetic furrow within cell. Moreover, we establish novel temporal waves assembly through cycle. Finally, used measurements cells across cycle construct a generative model allows synthesis movies depicting progressing Our approach is expected be particular value characterizing mutants.

Language: Английский

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Nonreciprocal interactions give rise to fast cilium synchronisation in finite systems

arXiv (Cornell University), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion order to propel the surrounding fluid. When many are located on a surface, their beating can synchronise such that phases form metachronal waves. Here, we computationally study model where each cilium is represented as spherical particle, moving along tilted trajectory with position-dependent active driving force and internal drag coefficient. The thus takes into account all essential broken symmetries of ciliary beat. We show taking near-field hydrodynamic interactions, effective coupling between become nonreciprocal: phase more strongly affected by adjacent one side than at same distance opposite direction. As result, synchronisation starts from seed edge group propagates rapidly across system, leading time scales proportionally linear dimension system. carpet characterised three different velocities: velocity fluid transport, waves propagation. Unlike systems reciprocal coupling, boundary effects not detrimental for synchronisation, but rather enable formation initial seed.

Language: Английский

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Hydrodynamics of Ciliary Systems

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The interactions of cilia with one another and their environment are central to many important questions in biology. These hairlike organelles found motile immotile (or `primary') variants, have a variety roles sensing fluid pumping. Primary long been known act as chemosensors, but recent research has that also this ability, it is not what benefit conferred by combining all the complicated required molecular machinery. chemosensitive often bundles, which surprising, would expect each deplete local chemical concentration field, leading lower sensitivity per cilium. Motile synchronise produce metachronal waves, precise mechanism behind synchronisation still well understood, except hydrodynamics plays an role. In thesis, we aim make some headway answering these open questions, developing models surrounding flow. First, using both analytical computational methods, determine mass transfer individual (both primary motile) bundles cilia. We show cilium geometry alone sufficient dramatically increase chemosensitivity over chemosensors on cell surface, especially if near motion. find motility can large factor at realistic speeds, more cilium, provided they beating sufficiently quickly. then use methods focus how hydrodynamically interact another, certain beats result strongly nonreciprocal hydrodynamic give rise quickly emerging order single dominant wavevector, even finite systems. When near-field (and hence nonreciprocity interactions) suppressed, much slower multiple wavevectors seen. therefore uncovered several reasons why may be advantageously located cilia, shown beat fine-tuned strong extremely effective inducing order. This amounts significant amount evidence pointing potential answers

Language: Английский

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