Autopolyploid establishment depends on life‐history strategy and the mating outcomes of clonal architecture

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(9), P. 1953 - 1970

Published: July 21, 2022

Polyploidy is a significant component in the evolution of many taxa, particularly plant groups. However, new polyploids face substantial fitness disadvantages due to lack same-cytotype mates, and factors promoting or preventing polyploid establishment natural populations are often unclear. We develop spatially explicit agent-based simulation models test hypothesis that perennial life history clonal propagation facilitate early stages persistence. Our show more likely establish when they have longer spans than diploids, especially self-fertilization rates high. Polyploids combine sexual reproduction can across wide range histories, but their success moderated by strategy. By tracking individuals mating events, we reveal architecture has impact on spatial structure mixed diploid-polyploid population during establishment: altering patterns within between cytotypes via geitonogamous self-fertilization, mechanisms through which proceeds, final composition population. Overall, our findings provide novel insight into role modulating complex relationship polyploidy, perenniality, clonality offer testable predictions for future empirical work.

Language: Английский

---

Local adaptation to climate facilitates a global invasion

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Abstract Local adaptation may facilitate range expansion during invasions, but the mechanisms promoting destructive invasions remain unclear. Cheatgrass ( Bromus tectorum ), native to Eurasia and Africa, has invaded globally, with particularly severe impacts in western North America. We sequenced 307 genotypes conducted controlled experiments. found that diverse lineages America, where long-distance gene flow is common. Ancestry phenotypic clines predicted those range, indicating pre-adapted colonized different regions. Common gardens showed directional selection on flowering time reversed between warm cold sites, potentially maintaining clines. In Great Basin, genomic predictions of strong local identified sites cheatgrass most dominant. Preventing new introductions fuel critical for managing ongoing invasions.

Language: Английский

---

Rapid evolution of flower phenology and clonality in restored populations of multiple grassland species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 836 - 846

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract Restoration of terrestrial ecosystems often requires re‐introduction plants. In restored sites, the plants face environments that differ from those natural populations. This can affect plant traits, reduce performance and impose novel selection pressures. As a response, populations might rapidly evolve adapt to conditions. may enhance population survival contribute restoration success, but has been rarely tested so far. Here, we focused on three grassland species 20 years ago ( Galium wirtgenii , Inula salicina Centaurea jacea ) by transfer green hay, compared them with donor were source hay. We measured both in situ, common garden under control stress sites flowered earlier than two out species. garden, (in or showed increased plasticity clonal propagation response clipping ). Both these traits suggest rapid adaptation contrasting mowing regimes comparison sites. detected no differentiation, neither nor garden. Synthesis applications . Grassland introduced into degraded habitats within framework ecological quite commonly pressures at evolution likely increases plant's new conditions thus enhances likelihood ultimately success. While most practitioners do not consider be part restoration, our finding highlights systems considerable eco‐evolutionary dynamics.

Language: Английский

---

The Climatic Variability Hypothesis and trade-offs in thermal performance in coastal and inland populations ofMimulus guttatus

Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(3), P. 870 - 880

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Abstract Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have long predicted that organisms in more climatically variable environments should be adapted to handle a wider range of conditions. This intuitive idea, known as the Climatic Variability Hypothesis (CVH), has gained mixed support from empirical studies. We tested CVH novel system by comparing thermal breadth coastal inland populations Mimulus guttatus. To quantify breadth, we performed performance experiment built curves. Using these curves, also evaluated evidence for breadth-performance trade-off Hotter-is-Better hypothesis. did not find CVH; differ breadth. However, found Surprisingly, two most differed traits evaluated. Our results highlight importance explicitly measuring test explanations species distribution patterns need examine alternative mechanisms which occupy different climatic regimes.

Language: Английский

---

High-performing plastic clones best explain the spread of yellow monkeyflower from lowland to higher elevation areas in New Zealand

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 1455 - 1470

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

The relative contribution of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can vary between core edge populations, with implications for invasive success. We investigated the spread yellow monkeyflower, Erythranthe gutatta in New Zealand, where it is spreading from lowland agricultural land into high-elevation conservation areas. extent variation among clones across South Island, looked compared degrees versus montane range-edge populations. grew 34 measured their vegetative floral traits two common gardens, one range at 9 m a.s.l. near 560 Observed trait was explained by a combination genotypic diversity (as identified through gardens) high plasticity. found subtle signature local to habitats but all were plastic able survive reproduce both gardens. In garden, above-ground biomass on average almost double stolon length half that same clone garden. Clones low-elevation sites showed higher than those elevation sites. highest performing garden also top performers These results suggest some highly fit general-purpose genotypes, possibly pre-adapted Zealand conditions, best explains E.

Language: Английский

---

The power of observation: Eugen Warming (1918) Om Jordudløbere (‘Underground runners') and the ecology and evolution of clonal plants

Nordic Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(7)

Published: June 9, 2023

Although often overlooked, the Danish botanist Eugen Warming was one founders of ecology as a science. He also wrote extensively on plant life forms, including an essay from 1918, Om Jordudløbere (‘Underground runners'), which specifically focused clonal plants. As common among naturalists during 19th century, exceptionally skillful in drawing conclusions plain observation. The present paper examines how understood and interpreted evolution plants, compares his insights with those emanating revival research plants late 1970s onward. Several key topics this were treated already by Warming, particularly plants' ability mobility horizontal growth, features affecting ‘splitting' genets into independent ramets, forms evolve. Despite these thematic similarities, Warming's direct impact later limited, possible exception concept functional types. This does not preclude that have bearing current agenda ends brief discussion growth means to extend genet lifespan, thereby providing basis for form through processes acting within genets.

Language: Английский

---

Editorial: Ecological and genetic insights into seaweeds’ diversity and adaptation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Mar. Sci., 18 August 2023Sec. Marine Evolutionary Biology, Biogeography and Species Diversity Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273405

Language: Английский

---

Adaptive Differentiation in the General-Purpose Genotype Invasive PlantErythranthe guttata

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract Highly plastic general-purpose genotypes are a frequent occurrence among invasive plants. Yet, it remains uncertain to what extent genetic adaptation can co-occur with such elevated levels of plasticity. Understanding the interplay between these two evolutionary strategies is essential better predict success and future climate change responses. We investigated potential for local along an altitudinal gradient in introduced New Zealand populations highly herb, Erythranthe guttata . asked a) whether there were phenotypic differences upland lowland E. our gradient; b) any consistent known adaptive patterns; c) patterns exist alongside high plasticity elevation. Samples from 38 Canterbury grown cuttings common garden, where we measured broad range growth reproductive traits. found significant differentiation over almost all Upland had earlier more intense flowering compared populations. Lowland plants taller larger leaves higher photosynthetic rates than These occurred unspecialised growing environment. Synthesis: that period less 150 years environment altitude 120km has selected distinct phenotypes changes reflect selective pressure associated gradients, increasing at altitudes increased competitive ability lower altitudes. This rapid within environment, showing species still retain capacity genetically adapt novel environments.

Language: Английский

---

Elevational differentiation occurs alongside high plasticity in a general‐purpose genotype invasive plant

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract Highly plastic general‐purpose genotypes are a frequent occurrence among invasive plants. Yet it remains uncertain to what extent genetic differentiation can co‐occur with such elevated levels of plasticity. Understanding the interplay between these two evolutionary strategies is essential understand potential success and future climate change responses. We investigated for shifts upland lowland populations highly herb Erythranthe guttata in New Zealand. aimed determine (a) presence origin E. populations; (b) whether any differences aligned established adaptive patterns; (c) was occurring alongside high plasticity response varying elevations. grew cuttings from 38 Canterbury an common garden, where we measured wide range growth reproductive traits. found significant over most Plants sourced flowered earlier produced more flowers than plants originating populations. Lowland were taller, had larger leaves higher photosynthetic rates These occurred unspecialised growing environment. Synthesis : that period less 150 years, distinct phenotypes have emerged. consistent known selective patterns elevation favour security at elevations competitive ability lower This rapid environment, suggesting species still retain capacity genetically adapt novel environments.

Language: Английский

---

Evidence for clonal integration of clones contributing to unexpectedly higher benefits for interspecific neighbours

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(6)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Clonal plants benefit from the ability to translocate resources among interconnected ramets colonize stress habitats. Despite fact that physiological integration of clones may influence their general performance and competitiveness, we still lack an understanding how alters compete with neighbours. In a greenhouse experiment, investigated clonal perennial herbaceous Cynodon dactylon , which originated two flooding ecotypes, influenced growth, functional traits, biomass allocation relative competitiveness intraspecific interspecific We also used reciprocal transplant experiment assess plasticity adaptation test ‘home‐field’ advantage on The findings showed that, for low‐stress significantly enhanced specific root length, storage, root‐shoot ratio, competitive neighbours, but it had little effect overall neighbours across ecotypes. Interestingly, such encouragement helped expand, suggesting physiologically independent can one another. home‐field advantages were demonstrated by home site more than away site. This study provides novel evidence facilitation between has implications environments where both high levels clonality are expected occur.

Language: Английский

---