Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 410 - 423

Published: Sept. 8, 2018

Abstract Nearly all plant families, represented across most major biomes, absorb water directly through their leaves. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as foliar uptake. Recent studies have suggested that uptake provides a significant subsidy can influence both and carbon balance multiple spatial temporal scales. Despite this, our mechanistic understanding of when, where, how, what end absorbed leaf surfaces remains limited. We first review the evidence for biophysical conditions necessary occur, focusing on atmospheric potentials create gradient flow. then consider different pathways uptake, well potential fates once inside leaf. Given one fate from increase contribute demands transpiration, we also provide quantitative synthesis observed rates change in total fluxes into Finally, identify critical research themes should be addressed effectively incorporate traditional frameworks movement.

Language: Английский

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Cloud forest trees with higher foliar water uptake capacity and anisohydric behavior are more vulnerable to drought and climate change

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 211(2), P. 489 - 501

Published: April 1, 2016

Many tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) trees are capable of foliar water uptake (FWU) during leaf-wetting events. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maintenance leaf turgor periods fog exposure and soil drought is related to species' FWU capacity. We conducted several experiments using apoplastic tracers, deuterium labeling immersion in evaluate differences among three common TMCF tree species. also measured effect regular on potential plants subjected used these data model response long-term drought. All species were able absorb through their cuticles and/or trichomes, although capacity do so differed between During experiment, with higher maintained for a longer period when exposed fog, whereas lower exerted tighter stomatal regulation maintain turgor. Model results suggest without high more likely lose seasonal droughts. show events essential FWU, which tend be anisohydric, maintaining

Language: Английский

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Plant pneumatics: stem air flow is related to embolism – new perspectives on methods in plant hydraulics

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 211(1), P. 357 - 370

Published: Feb. 25, 2016

Wood contains a large amount of air, even in functional xylem. Air embolisms the xylem affect water transport and can determine plant growth survival. Embolisms are usually estimated with laborious hydraulic methods, which be prone to several artefacts. Here, we describe new method for estimating that is based on air flow measurements entire branches. To calculate flowing out branch, vacuum was applied cut bases branches under different potentials. We first investigated source by determining whether it came from inside or outside branch. Second, compared embolism curves according 15 vessel- tracheid-bearing species test hypothesis related embolism. almost exclusively branch during 2.5-min strongly propose measurement simple, effective, rapid inexpensive, allows same thus opening up possibilities studying hydraulics.

Language: Английский

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Foliar Water Uptake in Trees: Negligible or Necessary?

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 590 - 603

Published: Feb. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1200 - 1224

Published: March 29, 2023

ABSTRACT In spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots important ecosystem services providers, but also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial inform the design implementation conservation policies with best available scientific evidence, identify knowledge gaps future research needs. We conducted a systematic review an appraisal evidence quality assess impacts change on TMFs. identified several skews shortcomings. Experimental study designs controls long‐term (≥10 years) data sets provide most reliable were rare gave incomplete understanding Most studies based predictive modelling approaches, short‐term (<10 cross‐sectional designs. Although methods moderate circumstantial they can advance our effects. Current suggests that increasing temperatures rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) biota, leading alterations in ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs studied, thus derived there serve as proxy for responses under‐studied regions elsewhere. focused vascular plants, birds, amphibians insects, other taxonomic groups poorly represented. at species or community levels, marked paucity genetic studies, limiting adaptive capacity TMF biota. highlight need widen methodological, thematic geographical scope under address uncertainties. short term, however, in‐depth well‐studied advances computer approaches offer sources information expeditious action threatened forests.

Language: Английский

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Multi-decadal trends of low-clouds at the Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 111599 - 111599

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Clouds are critical to the biodiversity and function of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF) as they control water regimes sunlight that can be perceived by plants. These ecosystems provide a key role in ecosystem services humanity considered hotspots endemism, given number species is restricted their microclimates. The cloudiness these projected decline owing global warming, but recent temporal trends remain unclear. Here, we evaluated low-cloud fractions (CF) (e.g., proportion an area covered low-cloud) other Essential Climatic Variables (ECV) surface temperature, pressure, soil moisture, precipitation) for 521 sites worldwide with TMFCs from 1997 2020. We hypothesize traces warming over last few decades have led decreases CF on TMCFs. previous was also assessed globally among biogeographic realms identify regional trends. calculated aggregating hourly observations ERA5 reanalysis CHIRPS into annual averages then using linear regressions calculate slopes (i.e., rate change) (Δ, year−1). Our results suggest at TMCFs range between −64.7×10−4 51.4×10−4 year−1, revealing 70 % experienced reductions CF. Declines low-clouds 253 more severe than tropical landmasses when peak values density distribution compared (TMCFs: −7.8×10−4 year−1; −2.3×10−4 Despite this, differ realms, those Neotropics Indomalayan most pronounced declines. Decreases were associated increases temperature pressure TMCF's climate changing warmer environments. climatic shifts may represent imprints change TMCFs, highlighting current threat essential provide.

Language: Английский

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Leaf water storage increases with salinity and aridity in the mangrove Avicennia marina: integration of leaf structure, osmotic adjustment and access to multiple water sources

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 40(8), P. 1576 - 1591

Published: April 6, 2017

Leaf structure and water relations were studied in a temperate population of Avicennia marina subsp. australasica along natural salinity gradient [28 to 49 parts per thousand (ppt)] compared with two subspecies grown naturally similar soil salinities those but under different climates: eucalyptifolia (salinity 30 ppt, wet tropics) 46 arid tropics). thickness, leaf dry mass area content increased aridity. Turgor loss point declined increase salinity, driven mainly by differences osmotic potential at full turgor. Nevertheless, high modulus elasticity (ε) contributed maintenance cell hydration turgor point. Despite similarity among leaves storage capacitance, total increasing The time that stored alone could sustain an evaporation rate 1 mmol m-2 s-1 ranged from 77 126 min ssp. marina, respectively. Achieving or would require sources other than the roots, emphasizing importance multiple growth survival across gradients

Language: Английский

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Xylem hydraulic safety and construction costs determine tropical tree growth

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 548 - 562

Published: Dec. 6, 2017

Faster growth in tropical trees is usually associated with higher mortality rates, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. In study, we investigate how tree patterns linked environmental conditions and hydraulic traits, by monitoring cambial of 9 cloud forest species coupled numerical simulations using an optimization model. We find that fast-growing have lower xylem safety margins than slow-growing pattern not necessarily to differences stomatal behaviour or when occurs. Instead, vessels more vulnerable cavitation density wood. propose - vulnerability trade-off represents a wood economics spectrum similar classic leaf economic spectrum, show through can emerge from coordination between density, cavitation. Our results suggest failure might be related growth-mortality trees, determining important life history differences. These findings furthering our understanding functioning its implications on plant carbon economy.

Language: Английский

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Life in the clouds: are tropical montane cloud forests responding to changes in climate?

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 180(4), P. 1061 - 1073

Published: Jan. 6, 2016

Language: Английский

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Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

Ecohydrology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: Dec. 16, 2017

Abstract Montane ecosystems are known for their high numbers of endemic species, unique climate conditions, and wide variety ecosystem services such as water supply carbon storage. Although many ecohydrological climatic studies montane environments have been carried out in temperate boreal regions, few done Neotropical regions. Hence, the objective this review is to synthesize existing literature on main factors (biotic abiotic) that influence vegetation distribution, functional traits, processes feedbacks tropical identify key knowledge gaps. Most used includes work conducted rainforests, cloud forests, grass/scrublands (e.g., páramos , punas campos de altitude/rupestres ). Fog a major attribute habitats. We found fog regimes (frequency intensity events) both inputs (i.e., canopy interception foliar uptake) outputs (evapotranspiration) represent an important driver local species composition, dominance plant types, ecological functioning. The stability conservation depends fluxes, which sensitive increases air temperature changing precipitation regimes. Furthermore, better inform effective restoration strategies, more needed elucidate how affected by land use conversion agriculture pasture lands, human activities budgets watersheds not only at regional‐scales but also globally.

Language: Английский

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