Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract Over the last decades, Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns human all around world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define diet? The myriad scores synthesizes nutritional content diet, but variety aspects are generally unexplored when studying adherence this pattern. Among factors, main characteristics such as consumption fruit vegetables, olive oil, cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, following: (i) specific reference whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs spices often untested exploring diet; (iii) eggs dairy products common foods consumed in region (irrespectively modern demonization fat intake). Another feature includes (red) wine consumption, more general alcohol intake unmeasured, lacking specificity drinking occasion intensity (i.e., during meals). aspects, cooking methods rather simple yet extremely varied. Several related quality food was first investigated: locally produced, minimally processed, preserved with natural fermentation), strongly connected territory limited controlled impact environment. Dietary habits also associated lifestyle behaviors, sleeping patterns, social cultural values, favoring commensality frugality. In conclusion, it is reductive consider just pattern groups decontextualized from geographical background culture. While methodologies study demonstrated useful up date, holistic approach considered future studies aforementioned features values potentially applied globally through concept “Planeterranean” diet.

Language: Английский

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The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence

The Holocene, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 902 - 922

Published: Feb. 14, 2019

Olive ( Olea europaea L.) was one of the most important fruit trees in ancient Mediterranean region and a founder species horticulture Basin. Different views have been expressed regarding geographical origins timing olive cultivation. Since genetic studies macro-botanical remains point different directions, we turn to another proxy – palynological evidence. This study uses pollen records shed new light on history cultivation large-scale management. We employ fossil dataset composed high-resolution obtained across Basin covering Holocene. Human activity is indicated when percentages rise fairly suddenly, are not accompanied by an increase other sclerophyllous trees, occurs combination with consistent archaeological archaeobotanical Based these criteria, our results show that southern Levant served as locus primary early ~6500 years BP (yBP), later, early/mid 6th millennium process occurred Aegean (Crete) whether independent management event or result knowledge and/or seedling transfer from Levant. Thus, corresponds establishment village economy completion ‘secondary products revolution’, rather than urbanization state formation. From two areas origin, spread Mediterranean, beginning northern dated ~4800 yBP. In Anatolia, palynologically recorded ~3200 yBP, mainland Italy at ~3400 Iberian Peninsula mid/late 3rd BP.

Language: Английский

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Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

Abstract Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on Mediterranean flora detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes ecological dynamics and differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across landscape biogeographic processes Mediterranean. history region is heart this described within triptych that links geological climatic to advent human activities. hotspot biodiversity, key ingredient which its richness endemic species. A primary question motivating book concerns role historical factors environmental evolution endemism. mosaic conditions, often with over short distances. second focus mediate dispersal, reproduction, adaptive trait landscape. With an ever-growing footprint region, addresses third major theme concerning vulnerability flora. Alongside traditional approach rare species protected area management, argues integration loss potential as priority policy practice. This accessible text aimed students researchers evolution, ecology, biogeography, science. It will be interest scientists natural societies worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 5, 2019

In 2010, a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops: publication of the first draft whole genome sequence (WGS) apple (Malus domestica). This WGS, v1.0, valuable as initial reference information, fine mapping, gene discovery, variant and tool development. A new, high quality GDDH13 v1.1, released in 2017 now serves apple. Over past decade, these WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding biological functioning, trait physiology inheritance, leading to practical applications improving this highly valued crop. Causal identities phenotypes fundamental interest can today be discovered much more rapidly. Genome-wide polymorphisms at genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds thousands individuals with new insights into relationships pedigrees. High-density maps constructed quantitative loci traits readily associated positional candidate genes and/or converted diagnostic tests breeders. We understand species, geographical, genomic origins domesticated precisely, well its relationship wild relatives. The WGS has turbo-charged application classical research steps crop improvement drives innovative methods achieve durable, environmentally sound, productive, consumer-desirable production. review includes examples basic breakthroughs challenges using WGSs. Recommendations "what's next" focus necessary upgrades data pool, use data, reach frontiers genomics-based

Language: Английский

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Filamentous fungi as biocontrol agents in olive (Olea europaea L.) diseases: Mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi

Crop Protection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105672 - 105672

Published: May 5, 2021

Olive (Olea europaea) is a crop of great agronomic, economic and cultural interest for the Mediterranean Basin, although increase in world demand olive oil expanding its cultivation by other countries southern hemisphere. The main pathogens include bacteria (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, Xylella fastidiosa), fungi (Colletotrichum spp., Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium spp. Rhizoctonia solani), oomycetes (Phytophthora spp.) nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). To combat these pathogens, different biocontrol strategies have been developed with yeasts, capacity establishment field entails several difficulties. In this sense, filamentous represent an efficient effective alternative control tree. present review compiles all studies existing so far through use mycorrhizal endophytic fungi, making separate section genus Trichoderma due to special that their has generated. mechanisms used competition space nutrients, parasitism, antibiosis or activation plant's defensive responses, among others.

Language: Английский

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Climate change threatens olive oil production in the Levant

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 219 - 227

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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“Ectomosphere”: Insects and Microorganism Interactions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 440 - 440

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

This study focuses on interacting with insects and their ectosymbiont (

Language: Английский

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A Glimpse into the Genetic Heritage of the Olive Tree in Malta

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 495 - 495

Published: March 18, 2024

The genetic diversity of the ancient autochthonous olive trees on Maltese islands and relationship with wild forms growing in marginal areas island (57 samples), as well most widespread cultivars Mediterranean region (150 references), were investigated by analysis 10 SSR markers. revealed a high germplasm, totaling 84 alleles Shannon information index (I) 1.08. All samples from upper lower part crown Bidni belonged to same genotype, suggesting that there was no secondary top-grafting branches. showed close relationships local oleaster population played role selection variety. Genetic similarities also found between several Italian varieties including accessions putatively resistant bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which has recently emerged Apulia (Italy) caused severe epidemics over last decade.

Language: Английский

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Facing Climate Change: Biotechnology of Iconic Mediterranean Woody Crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 16, 2019

The Mediterranean basin is especially sensitive to the adverse outcomes of climate change and variations in rainfall patterns incidence extremely high temperatures. These two concurring environmental conditions will surely have a detrimental effect on crop performance productivity that be particularly severe woody crops such as citrus, olive grapevine define backbone traditional agriculture. species been traditionally selected for traits improved fruit yield quality or alteration harvesting periods, leaving out related plant field performance. This currently crucial aspect due progressive imminent effects global change. Although complete genome sequence exists sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) clementine clementina), tree (Olea europaea) (Vitis vinifera), development biotechnological tools improve stress tolerance still relies study available genetic resources including interspecific hybrids, naturally occurring (or induced) polyploids wild relatives under conditions. To this respect, post-genomic era studies transcriptomics, metabolomics proteomics provide wide unbiased view physiology biochemistry that, along with high-throughput phenotyping, could contribute characterization genotypes exhibiting physiological and/or are correlated abiotic tolerance. ultimate goal precision agriculture productivity, terms quality, making sustainable use land water using all phenotyping. review focuses current state-of-the-art throughput -omics phenotyping grapevine, citrus their contribution breeding programs.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary transcriptomics reveals the origins of olives and the genomic changes associated with their domestication

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 143 - 157

Published: June 13, 2019

The olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the oldest and most socio-economically important cultivated perennial crop in Mediterranean region. Yet, its origins are still under debate genetic bases phenotypic changes associated with domestication unknown. We generated RNA-sequencing data for 68 wild trees to study diversity structure both at transcription sequence levels. To localize putative genes or expression pathways targeted by artificial selection during domestication, we employed a two-step approach which identified differentially expressed screened transcriptome signatures selection. Our analyses support major event eastern part basin followed dispersion towards West subsequent admixture western olives. While found large gene when comparing olives, no signature on coding variants weak signals primarily affected factors. results indicated that olives resulted only moderate genomic consequences syndrome mainly related expression, consistent evolutionary history life traits.

Language: Английский

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