Microbiome turnover during offspring development varies with maternal care, but not moult, in a hemimetabolous insect

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract The ecological success of insects often depends on their association with beneficial microbes. However, insect development involves repeated moults, which can have dramatic effects microbial communities. Here, we investigated whether and how moulting affects the microbiome a hemimetabolous insect, maternal care modulate these effects. We reared European earwig juveniles or without mothers used 16S rRNA metabarcoding to analyse prokaryotic fraction core eggs, recently old moulted individuals at four developmental stages resulting adults. 218 samples obtained showed that diversity changed non-linearly during changes were associated bacterial biomarkers. Surprisingly, did not occur moulting, but rather between beginning end certain stages. also found access affected both adults, even when last contact was two months before adulthood. Overall, results provide new insights into our understanding (in)stability in its independence from moult. More generally, they question role acquisition through maintaining family life species where this behaviour is facultative.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome turnover during offspring development varies with maternal care, but not moult, in a hemimetabolous insect

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: July 29, 2024

The ecological success of insects often depends on their association with beneficial microbes. However, insect development involves repeated moults, which can have dramatic effects microbial communities. Here, we investigated whether and how moulting affects the microbiome a hemimetabolous insect, maternal care modulate these effects. We reared European earwig juveniles or without mothers used 16S rRNA metabarcoding to analyse prokaryotic fraction core eggs, recently old moulted individuals at four developmental stages resulting adults. 218 samples obtained showed that diversity changed non-linearly during changes were associated bacterial biomarkers. Surprisingly, did not occur moulting, but rather between beginning end certain stages. also found access affected both adults, even when last contact was two months before adulthood. Overall, results provide new insights into our understanding (in)stability in its independence from moult. More generally, they question role acquisition through maintaining family life species where this behaviour is facultative.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2024

Summary In many animals, male weapons are large and extravagant morphological structures that typically enhance fighting ability reproductive success. It is generally assumed growing carrying costly, thus only males in the best condition can afford it. European earwig, carry form of forceps-like cerci, which vary widely size within populations. While long forceps appear to increase male’s access females, it unknown whether also correlates with other important lifen-history traits. This information important, however, determining potential reliability length as an indicator quality stability this signalling system. Here, we tested associated six behavioural physiological traits earwig. We sampled hundreds from two populations, selected 60 longest shortest each population, then measured locomotor performance, boldness, aggregation behaviour, survival under harsh conditions, sperm storage, after pathogen exposure. Contrary our predictions, detected no main association between measured. lack was consistent although there were population-specific levels conditions (for long-forceps only). Overall, these results challenge current understanding function signal species raise questions about evolutionary drivers could explain maintenance weapon diversity

Language: Английский

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Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: June 13, 2024

In many animals, male weapons are large and extravagant morphological structures that typically enhance fighting ability reproductive success. It is generally assumed growing carrying costly, thus only males in the best condition can afford it. European earwig, carry form of forceps-like cerci, which vary widely size within populations. While long forceps appear to increase male's access females, it unknown whether also correlates with other important life-history traits. This information important, however, determining potential reliability length as an indicator quality stability this signalling system. Here, we tested associated six behavioural physiological traits earwig. We sampled hundreds from two populations, selected 60 longest shortest each population, then measured locomotor performance, boldness, aggregation behaviour, survival under harsh conditions, sperm storage, after pathogen exposure. Contrary our predictions, detected no main association between measured. lack was consistent although there were population-specific levels conditions (for long-forceps only). Overall, these results challenge current understanding function signal species raise questions about evolutionary drivers could explain maintenance weapon diversity

Language: Английский

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Limited effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the behaviour and immunity of males from six populations of the European earwig

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(31), P. 44205 - 44217

Published: June 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide does not alter maternal care and offspring quality in the European earwig

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Sublethal exposure to pesticides can affect the reproduction and population dynamics of many non-target organisms, such as insects. Among these pesticides, glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) were long thought have no effect on insects because their active compounds only plants microorganisms. However, a growing body evidence suggests that GBH directly or indirectly alter wide range fitness-related traits in In this study, we tested whether Roundup© affects maternal care behaviour juvenile development, locomotion immunity European earwig, an insect commonly found vineyards orchards. First, exposed female earwigs Roundup at concentrations ten times below, equal above normal application rate (NAR) then measured expression terms egg collection, care, defense. We also self-grooming locomotor activity, development time, weight size newly produced juveniles. second experiment, earwig juveniles control solution locomotion, genes involved (the hormone pathway), survival after fungal pathogen. Overall, our results showed significant any parameters measured. This finding direct may not necessarily induce behavioural, physiological developmental alteration species. It calls for future studies explore underlying mechanisms behind apparent lack sensibility. More generally, highlight importance assessing impact pesticide use factors driving potential resilience across organisms ensure sustainable agricultural practices.

Language: Английский

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Cadmium ingestion does not disrupt the social transmission of the microbiome in juveniles of a subsocial insect

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Abstract Symbiotic microbes are essential for host health and fitness. In family-living species, these often acquired through vertical transmission from parents horizontal siblings. However, it is unclear how environmental stressors, such as chemical pollution, influence contributions to the juvenile microbiome. Here, we tested independent interactive effects of social environment cadmium ingestion - a common heavy metal pollutant on microbiome European earwigs. We reared juveniles either alone, with siblings or plus mother, exposed them at 0, 25 100mg/L, analysed their composition diversity. Our results showed that both independently influenced phylogenetic beta-diversity although neither factor nor interaction affected alpha-diversity. Moreover, found observed specific bacterial taxa in groups, including overabundance putatively pathogenic (Serratia) mutualistic (Lactobacillus) symbionts were more abundant family members than isolated ones. Overall, our findings suggest while shape microbiome, does not amplify exposure. This highlights resilience microbial within families, even under stress.

Language: Английский

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