Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 372(1712), P. 20160029 - 20160029

Published: Dec. 6, 2016

Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid urbanization Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional traits regulate urban ecosystems' productivity and stability. Intraspecific trait variation—variation organisms' morphological, physiological or behavioural characteristics stemming from genetic variability phenotypic plasticity—has significant implications for ecological functions such as nutrient cycling primary productivity. While it is well established conditions can evolutionary change species' that, turn, alter ecosystem function, an understanding reciprocal simultaneous processes associated with interactions only beginning to emerge. In settings, potential may be exacerbated multiple selection pressures operating simultaneously. This paper reviews on mechanisms linking development patterns changes, differentiates which there versus represent plasticity. Studying how humans mediate through could shed light fundamental concepts theory. It also contribute our eco-evolutionary feedback provide insights maintaining function over long term. article part themed issue ‘Human influences evolution, societal consequences’.

Language: Английский

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Singing in a silent spring: Birds respond to a half-century soundscape reversion during the COVID-19 shutdown

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 370(6516), P. 575 - 579

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Songbirds reclaim favored frequencies When severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic lockdowns were instituted across entire countries, human activities ceased in an unprecedented way. Derryberry et al. found that the reduction traffic sound San Francisco Bay Area of California to levels not seen for half a century led shift song frequency white-crowned sparrows (see Perspective by Halfwerk). This was especially notable because human-produced noise occurs within range interferes with highest performance and most effective song. Thus, our “quiet” allowed birds quickly fill space. Science , this issue p. 575 ; see also 523

Language: Английский

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Evolution in Cities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 519 - 540

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of forces ways and avenues address classic questions. However, while variation within among affords many advance biology research, careful alignment between how are used questions being asked is necessary maximize insights that can be gained. In this review, we develop a framework help guide urban evolution approaches Using framework, highlight what has been accomplished date field identify several up-and-coming directions for further expansion. We conclude environments as test beds tackle both long-standing biology.

Language: Английский

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Which Traits Influence Bird Survival in the City? A Review

Land, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 92 - 92

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Urbanization poses a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. We focused on birds as well-studied taxon of interest, in order review literature traits that influence responses urbanization. 226 papers were published between 1979 and 2020, aggregate information five groups have been widely studied: ecological traits, life history, physiology, behavior genetic traits. Some robust findings trait changes individual species well bird communities emerge. A lack specific food shelter resources has led the urban community being dominated by generalist species, while specialist show decline. Urbanized differ behavioral showing an increase song frequency amplitude, bolder behavior, compared rural populations same species. Differential predatory pressure results history including prolonged breeding duration, increases clutch brood size compensate for lower survival. Other species-specific include hormonal state, body differences from populations. identify gaps research, with paucity studies tropical cities need greater examination persistence success native vs. introduced

Language: Английский

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Learning to cope: vocal adjustment to urban noise is correlated with prior experience in black-capped chickadees

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 283(1833), P. 20161058 - 20161058

Published: June 29, 2016

Urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking, but birds reduce this interference by altering their vocalizations. Although several experimental studies indicate that rapidly change vocalizations in response to sudden increases ambient noise, none have investigated whether is a learned depends on previous exposure. Black-capped chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus ) the frequency of songs both fluctuating traffic and noise. We these responses depend familiarity confirmed males noisy areas sang higher-frequency than those quiet areas, found only already-noisy territories shifted upwards immediate Unexpectedly, more downwards These results suggest may require prior experience adjust such way as minimize masking. Thus, learning cope be an important part adjusting acoustic life city.

Language: Английский

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Patterns of Song across Natural and Anthropogenic Soundscapes Suggest That White-Crowned Sparrows Minimize Acoustic Masking and Maximize Signal Content

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e0154456 - e0154456

Published: April 29, 2016

Soundscapes pose both evolutionarily recent and long-standing sources of selection on acoustic communication. We currently know more about the impact human-generated noise communication than we do how natural sounds such as pounding surf have shaped signals over evolutionary time. Based signal detection theory, hypothesized that phenotypes will vary with anthropogenic background levels similar mechanisms cultural evolution and/or behavioral flexibility may underlie this variation. studied song characteristics white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) across a gradient includes in San Francisco Marin counties, California, USA. Both soundscapes contain high amplitude low frequency (traffic or surf, respectively), so predicted birds would produce songs higher minimum frequencies areas to avoid auditory masking. also anticipated be projected lower limit hearing based site-specific masking profiles. Background was strong predictor frequency, within local three urban sites same dialect history, regional gradient, which encompasses 11 rural sites, several dialects, noise. Among alone, tended predict indicating were not solely responsible for driving pattern. These findings support hypothesis regardless source Song from five core study at each site, further supporting transmit through soundscapes. Minimum leveled off noisier suggesting are constrained an upper limit, possibly retain information content wider bandwidths. found evidence site better territory soundscapes, rather immediate is Taken together, these results indicate shape phenotype

Language: Английский

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Do birds vocalize at higher pitch in noise, or is it a matter of measurement?

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 71(1)

Published: Dec. 28, 2016

Language: Английский

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Urban sparrows respond to a sexually selected trait with increased aggression in noise

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 8, 2018

Animals modify acoustic communication signals in response to noise pollution, but consequences of these modifications are unknown. Vocalizations that transmit best may not be those signal male quality, leading potential conflict between selection pressures. For example, slow paced, narrow bandwidth songs better less effective mate choice and competition than fast wide songs. We test the hypothesis affects song pace context using white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). measure variation along a gradient ambient levels San Francisco, CA. find males discriminate paced These findings biologically relevant because noisy areas tend have bandwidths. Therefore, this phenotype potentially increases transmission distance noise, elicits weaker responses from competitors. Further, we respond more strongly stimuli noisier conditions, supporting 'urban anger' hypothesis. suggest responsiveness song, possibly territorial urban areas.

Language: Английский

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A meta‐analysis of the influence of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial wildlife communication strategies

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(6), P. 1112 - 1121

Published: April 1, 2021

Abstract Human‐caused noise pollution dominates the soundscape of modern ecosystems, from urban centres to national parks. Although wildlife can generally alter their communication accommodate many types natural (e.g. wind, wave action, heterospecific communication), anthropogenic sources pushes limits flexibility by causing loud, low‐pitched and near‐continuous interference. Because responses are variable taxa specific, multi‐species risk assessments mitigation not currently possible. We conducted a meta‐analysis synthesize effects on terrestrial communication. Specifically, we assessed: (a) impacts modulation call rate, duration, amplitude frequency (including peak, minimum maximum frequency); (b) literature region, taxa, study design disturbance type. Terrestrial (results driven avian studies) respond calling with higher frequencies, while they do amplitude, frequency, peak duration rate calling. The research is biased towards birds, population‐level studies, systems in North America. Synthesis applications . Our reveals ways which signals contend noise, discusses potential fitness management consequences these signal alterations. This information, combined an identification current needs, will allow researchers managers better develop assessment protocols prioritize efforts reduce noise.

Language: Английский

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The effect of soundscape composition on bird vocalization classification in a citizen science biodiversity monitoring project

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102065 - 102065

Published: March 13, 2023

There is a need for monitoring biodiversity at multiple spatial and temporal scales to aid conservation efforts. Autonomous recording units (ARUs) can provide cost-effective, long-term systematic species data sound-producing wildlife, including birds, amphibians, insects mammals over large areas. Modern deep learning efficiently automate the detection of occurrences in these sound with high accuracy. Further, citizen science be leveraged scale up deployment ARUs collect reference vocalizations needed training validating models. In this study we develop convolutional neural network (CNN) acoustic classification pipeline detecting 54 bird Sonoma County, California USA, vocalization collected by scientists within Soundscapes Landscapes project (www.soundscapes2landscapes.org). We trained three ImageNet-based CNN architectures (MobileNetv2, ResNet50v2, ResNet100v2), which function as Mixture Experts (MoE), evaluate usefulness several methods enhance model Specifically, we: 1) quantify accuracy fully-labeled 1-min soundscapes an assessment real-world conditions; 2) assess effect on precision recall additional pre-training external archive (xeno-canto) prior fine-tuning from our domain; and, 3) how detections errors are influenced presence coincident biotic non-biotic sounds (i.e., soundscape components). evaluating (n = 37 species) across probability thresholds models, found followed improved average 10.3% relative no pre-training, although there was small 0.8% reduction recall. selecting optimal architecture each based maximum F(β 0.5), MoE approach had total 84.5% 85.1%. Our exhibit issues arising applying county scale, relatively low fidelity recordings background noise overlapping vocalizations. particular, human significantly associated more incorrect (false positives, decreased precision), while physical interference (e.g., recorder hit branch) geophony wind) classifier missing negatives, recall). process surmounted obstacles, final predictions allowed us demonstrate applied low-cost paired valuable diversity

Language: Английский

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