Human disturbance has contrasting effects on niche partitioning within carnivore communities

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1689 - 1705

Published: July 14, 2020

ABSTRACT Among species, coexistence is driven partly by the partitioning of available resources. The mechanisms and competition among species have been a central topic within community ecology, with particular focus on mammalian carnivore research. However, despite growing concern regarding impact humans behaviour very little known about effect interactions. aim this review to establish comprehensive framework for impacts human disturbance three dimensions (spatial, temporal trophic) niche communities subsequent effects both intraguild structure. We conducted systematic literature (246 studies) extracted 46 reported disturbance. found evidence that resource partitioning, either positively or negatively, in all dimensions. repercussions such variations are highly heterogeneous differ according type how landscape and/or availability resources affected. propose theoretical main outcomes structure: ( i ) impedes increasing reducing richness diversity community; ii unbalances competition, affecting stability; iii facilitates decreasing enriching community. call better integration future research interspecific competition.

Language: Английский

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Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores?

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 19 - 30

Published: Oct. 5, 2017

Predation is a major selective pressure for prey; however, the stress response to predation risk and relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic factors in wild populations animals have rarely been studied. We investigated level fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) 6 red deer roe exposed potentially different levels stress, resulting from both (predator presence, forest cover, undergrowth, ungulate density, temperature) (hunting harvest, percentage build-up areas, road density) factors. found highest most variable FGM concentrations ungulates areas without large carnivores, lowest least with wolf lynx. Anthropogenic roads, built-up area) positively correlated gradient species. Both mean variance measured within were affected by variation hunting harvest negatively minimum temperature. The was also influenced areas. results indicate that lower less utilized carnivores than carnivore-free where human-related predominate. This may be explained evolutionary adaptations prey constantly their inability adapting humans probably due its high intensity erratic occurrence.

Language: Английский

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Scary and nasty beasts: Self‐reported fear and disgust of common phobic animals

British Journal of Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 111(2), P. 297 - 321

Published: June 11, 2019

Animal phobias are one of the most prevalent mental disorders. We analysed how fear and disgust, two emotions involved in their onset maintenance, elicited by common phobic animals. In an online survey, subjects rated 25 animal images according to disgust. Additionally, they completed four psychometrics, Fear Survey Schedule II (FSS), Disgust Scale - Revised (DS-R), Snake Questionnaire (SNAQ), Spider (SPQ). Based on a redundancy analysis, disgust image ratings could be described axes, reflecting general negative perception animals associated with higher FSS DS-R scores second describing specific aversion snakes spiders SNAQ SPQ scores. The can separated into five distinct clusters: (1) non-slimy invertebrates; (2) snakes; (3) mice, rats, bats; (4) human endo- exoparasites (intestinal helminths louse); (5) farm/pet However, only snakes, spiders, parasites evoke intense non-clinical population. conclusion, rating alternative reliable method standard scales. Moreover, tendencies overgeneralize irrational fears onto other harmless species from same category used for quick phobia detection.

Language: Английский

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Restore the lost ecological functions of people

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(7), P. 1050 - 1052

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 30, 2022

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, in within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied. Understanding if an can adjust their temporal activity to mitigate or adapt environmental change become recent topic discussion important for effective wildlife management conservation. While spatial habitat consideration conservation, often ignored. We formulated resource selection model quantify diel 8 mammal species across 10 US cities. found high variability patterns among species-specific correlations between human population density, impervious land cover, available greenspace, vegetation mean daily temperature. also that some may modulate behaviors manage both natural anthropogenic risks. Our results highlight complexity with which interact local characteristics, suggest urban mammals use along reduce risk, adapt, therefore persist, cases thrive, human-dominated ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Crowded mountains: Long-term effects of human outdoor recreation on a community of wild mammals monitored with systematic camera trapping

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 1085 - 1097

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Can we save large carnivores without losing large carnivore science?

Food Webs, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 64 - 75

Published: March 2, 2017

Language: Английский

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Increased mammal nocturnality in agricultural landscapes results in fragmentation due to cascading effects

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 32 - 41

Published: July 25, 2018

Language: Английский

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Fear of the dark? Contrasting impacts of humans versus lynx on diel activity of roe deer across Europe

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 132 - 145

Published: Dec. 4, 2019

Humans, as super predators, can have strong effects on wildlife behaviour, including profound modifications of diel activity patterns. Subsequent to the return large carnivores human-modified ecosystems, many prey species adjusted their spatial behaviour contrasting landscapes fear generated by both natural predators and anthropogenic pressures. The predation risk temporal shifts in prey, however, remain largely unexplored human-dominated landscapes. We investigated influence density lynx Lynx lynx, a nocturnal predator, patterns main roe deer Capreolus capreolus, across gradient human disturbance hunting at European scale. Based 11 million records from 431 individually GPS-monitored 12 populations within EURODEER network (http://eurodeer.org), we how combination with lethal non-lethal activities affected diurnality deer. demonstrated marked plasticity response spatio-temporal variations risk, mostly due activities. In particular, decreased level factor 1.37 when background general was high. Hunting exacerbated this effect, during season switched most night-time and, lesser extent, dawn, although pattern varied noticeably relation density. Indeed, presence were relatively more diurnal. Overall, our results revealed activity. context recovery Europe, provide important insights about behavioural responses ecosystems. Modifications partitioning ungulate may facilitate human-wildlife coexistence, but likely also knock-on for predator-prey interactions, cascading ecosystem functioning.Résumé Les humains, en tant que ‘super-prédateurs’, peuvent avoir des effets importants sur le comportement de la faune sauvage, y compris profondes leurs rythmes circadiens d'activité. A suite du retour grands dans les écosystèmes anthropisés, nombreuses espèces proies ont ajusté leur à ces paysages peur contrastés, générés fois par pressions liées aux risques anthropiques et présence prédateurs naturels. risque prédation temporelles d'activité restent cependant largement inconnus dominés l'homme. Ici, nous avons étudié l'influence densité un prédateur nocturne, proie principale, chevreuil travers l’échelle Européenne. Sur base plus données issues suivis individuels chevreuils équipés colliers GPS provenant au sein réseau analysé comment associé létaux non-létaux activités humaines, diurnalité chevreuils. Nous démontré une forte plasticité réponse spatio-temporelles risque, notamment face humaines. Plus particulièrement, diminuent degré d'un facteur lorsque dérangement humain est important. La chasse accentue cet effet, puisque durant saison basculent plupart activité nuit, moindre mesure, l'aube également, bien ce patron soit essentiellement variable fonction lynx. En principal prédateur, sont relativement diurnes. Globalement, nos résultats révèlent humaines l'ajustement Dans contexte notre étude apporte nouvelles connaissances comportementale anthropisés. modification répartition temporelle l'activité ongulés pourrait être facilitant coexistence homme-faune avec toutefois conséquences autres interactions prédateurs-proies cascade fonctionnement écosystèmes.

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Zooming in on mechanistic predator–prey ecology: Integrating camera traps with experimental methods to reveal the drivers of ecological interactions

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(9), P. 1997 - 2012

Published: May 22, 2020

Camera trap technology has galvanized the study of predator-prey ecology in wild animal communities by expanding scale and diversity interactions that can be analysed. While observational data from systematic camera arrays have informed inferences on spatiotemporal outcomes interactions, capacity for studies to identify mechanistic drivers species is limited. Experimental designs utilize traps uniquely allow testing hypothesized mechanisms drive predator prey behaviour, incorporating environmental realism not possible laboratory while benefiting distinct generate large datasets multiple with minimal observer interference. However, such pairings experimental methods remain underutilized. We review recent advances application investigate fundamental underlying present a conceptual guide designing studies. Only 9% our use methods, but approaches increasing. To illustrate utility trap-based experiments using case study, we propose design integrates techniques test perennial question ecology: how balance foraging safety, as formalized risk allocation hypothesis. discuss applications evaluate anthropogenic influences wildlife globally. Finally, challenges conducting already begun play an important role understanding free-living animals, will become increasingly critical quantifying community rapidly changing world. recommend increased responses humans, synanthropic invasive species, other disturbances.

Language: Английский

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