Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 8, 2024

Abstract Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, current methods assessment treatment fall short clinical needs. Benefiting advances in neuroscience biotechnology, neuronal circuits molecular mechanisms critically involved modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements incited progress identifying new diagnostic therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting stage subsequent contents. The review next delves into underlying disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational inflammasome, signaling pathways microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism comorbidities, are discussed detail based on findings. status quo evaluation manipulation summarized. A series improved innovative strategies, such as therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface microbial intervention, making strides towards application. We highlight existing limitations future directions enhancing quality preclinical research. Efforts decipher complexities pathology will be instrumental translating scientific discoveries practice, thereby improving bench bedside.

Language: Английский

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Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it

Frontiers in Pain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion immunocompetent cells into site injury, spinal cord higher sensory structures such as thalamus cingulate cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia immune cells. This sustained hyperexcitability spontaneous activity in primary afferents that crucial for onset persistence well misprocessing information supraspinal structures. Much current understanding aetiology identification drug targets derives studies consequences peripheral rodent models. Although a vast amount has been forthcoming, translation this clinical arena minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since mid 1990's. may reflect failure recognise differences processing males vs. females, cellular responses different types humans animals. Basic science which seek bridge knowledge gap include better assessment animal models, use models emulate human disease, stratification phenotypes according quantitative signs symptoms disease. lead more personalized effective treatments individual patients. Significance statement: There an urgent need find new neuropathic pain. classical revealed essential features central sensitization some molecular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model multiplicity states injuries bring forth clinic. review seeks integrate disciplines understand pain; including immunology, biology, electrophysiology biophysics, anatomy, neurology, pharmacology behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements basic practice will engender improved management.

Language: Английский

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Skin Biopsy

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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Arrestin-biased allosteric modulator of neurotensin receptor 1 alleviates acute and chronic pain

Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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miRNA packaging into small extracellular vesicles and implications in pain

PAIN Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. e1198 - e1198

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid bilayer bound particles naturally released by cells. These classified based on their biogenesis pathway and diameter. The overlap in size exosomes generated from the exosomal macrovesicles that pinched off surface plasma membrane makes it challenging to isolate pure populations. Hence, isolated less than 200 nm called small extracellular (sEVs). transport variety cargo molecules, multiple mechanisms govern packaging into sEVs. Here, we discuss current understanding how miRNAs targeted sEVs, including role RNA binding proteins EXOmotif sequences present sEV loading. Several studies human pain disorders rodent models have reported alterations cargo, miRNAs. sorting target regulation miR-939, miRNA altered individuals with complex regional syndrome, is discussed context inflammation. We also provide broad overview therapeutic strategies being pursued utilize sEVs clinic work needed further our EVs successfully deploy as therapeutic.

Language: Английский

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Small fiber neuropathy

International review of neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 181 - 231

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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