Neuroimaging in autism spectrum disorder: brain structure and function across the lifespan

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 1121 - 1134

Published: April 18, 2015

Language: Английский

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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(22)

Published: May 15, 2018

Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents largest-ever analysis cerebral cortical its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness surface area were assessed in MRI scans 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric regional levels, with generally thicker cortex but smaller left hemisphere relative right. Regionally, and/or found inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal parahippocampal entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved lateralized functions, including language visuospatial processing. In addition population-level asymmetries, was related sex, age, intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between handedness. Finally, two independent pedigree (n = 1,443 1,113, respectively), several showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural identified their variabilities heritability provide reference resource for future studies on genetic basis altered laterality cognitive, neurological, psychiatric

Language: Английский

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Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recommendations for Practice and Research

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 136(Supplement_1), P. S10 - S40

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential to ensure that children can access specialized evidence-based interventions help optimize long-term outcomes. also helps shorten the stressful “diagnostic odyssey” many families experience before diagnosis. There have been important advances in research into early development ASDs, incorporating prospective designs and new technologies aimed at more precisely delineating emergence ASD. Thus, an updated review state science ASD was needed inform best practice. These issues were focus a multidisciplinary panel clinical practitioners researchers who completed literature reached consensus on current evidence addressing question “What are earliest signs symptoms aged ≤24 months be used for identification?” Summary statements address knowledge ASD, potential contributions limitations with high-risk infants, priorities promoting incorporation this practice future research.

Language: Английский

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Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: a study of functional and anatomical connectivity

Brain, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 136(6), P. 1942 - 1955

Published: June 1, 2013

The thalamus plays crucial roles in the development and mature functioning of numerous sensorimotor, cognitive attentional circuits. Currently limited evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder may be associated with thalamic abnormalities, potentially related to sociocommunicative other impairments this disorder. We used functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor probabilistic tractography study anatomical integrity thalamo-cortical children adolescents matched typically developing children. For five cortical seeds (prefontal, parieto-occipital, motor, somatosensory temporal), we found both underconnectivity. only exception was temporal lobe, which increased disorders group, especially right hemisphere. However, effect robust partial correlation analyses (partialling out time series from seeds), whereas findings total suggest temporo-thalamic overconnectivity group relative underconnectivity for seeds. also microstructural compromise within motor parcel, tracts between cortex, suggesting play a role abnormalities reported previous studies. More generally, number correlations measures diagnostic neuropsychological scores indicate involvement abnormal thalamocortical

Language: Английский

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Cerebro-cerebellar circuits in autism spectrum disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 5, 2015

The cerebellum is one of the most consistent sites abnormality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebellar damage associated with an increased risk ASD symptoms, suggesting that dysfunction may play a crucial role etiology ASD. forms multiple closed-loop circuits cerebral cortical regions underpin movement, language, social processing. Through these circuits, could impact core symptoms communication deficits repetitive stereotyped behaviors. emerging topography sensorimotor, cognitive, affective subregions provides new framework for interpreting significance regional findings their relationship to broader cerebro-cerebellar circuits. Further, recent research supports idea integrity loops might be important early development; disruptions specific impede specialization involved motor control, interaction, leading impairments domains. Consistent this concept, structural functional differences sensorimotor are control behaviors In contrast, atypical activation structure underpinning language cognition. Finally, there converging evidence from structural, functional, connectivity neuroimaging studies right Crus I/II abnormalities related more severe all We propose disrupt optimization both function

Language: Английский

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Eye Tracking Reveals Abnormal Visual Preference for Geometric Images as an Early Biomarker of an Autism Spectrum Disorder Subtype Associated With Increased Symptom Severity

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 79(8), P. 657 - 666

Published: April 11, 2015

Clinically and biologically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous. Unusual patterns of visual preference as indexed by eye tracking are hallmarks; however, whether they can be used to define an early biomarker ASD a whole or leveraged subtype unclear. To begin examine this issue, large cohorts required.

Language: Английский

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Feasibility and Effectiveness of Very Early Intervention for Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 45(3), P. 778 - 794

Published: Sept. 13, 2014

Language: Английский

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Revisiting human hemispheric specialization with neuroimaging

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 69 - 80

Published: Jan. 11, 2013

Language: Английский

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An update on the comorbidity of ADHD and ASD: a focus on clinical management

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 279 - 293

Published: Jan. 25, 2016

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum (ASD) commonly co-occur. With the DSM-5, clinicians are permitted to make an ASD diagnosis in context of ADHD. In earlier versions DSM, this was not acceptable. Both ADHD reported have had substantial increases prevalence within past 10 years. As a function both increased disorders as well ability ADHD, there has been significant amount research focusing on comorbidity between few Here, we provide update biological, cognitive behavioral overlap/distinctiveness two neurodevelopmental with focus data published last four Treatment strategies for comorbid condition future areas clinical need discussed.

Language: Английский

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Different Functional Neural Substrates for Good and Poor Language Outcome in Autism

Neuron, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 567 - 577

Published: April 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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