Experimental Neurology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
352, P. 114011 - 114011
Published: Feb. 14, 2022
Gait
impairments
in
Parkinson's
disease
remain
a
scientific
and
therapeutic
challenge.
The
advent
of
new
deep
brain
stimulation
(DBS)
devices
capable
recording
activity
from
chronically
implanted
electrodes
has
fostered
studies
gait
freely
moving
patients.
hope
is
to
identify
gait-related
neural
biomarkers
improve
therapy
using
closed-loop
DBS.
In
this
context,
animal
models
offer
wealth
opportunities
investigate
network
at
multiple
biological
scales
address
unresolved
questions
clinical
research.
Yet,
the
contribution
rodent
development
future
neuromodulation
therapies
will
rely
on
translational
validity.
review,
we
summarize
most
effective
strategies
model
parkinsonian
rodents.
We
discuss
how
observations
have
inspired
targeted
lesions
models,
whether
resulting
motor
deficits
oscillations
match
recent
findings
humans.
conclude
that
research
should
incorporate
behavioral
tests
with
increased
cognitive
demands
potentially
uncover
episodic
Additionally,
expect
basic
benefit
implementation
evolving
signal
processing
This
coevolution
may
contribute
optimization
disease.
Journal of Parkinson s Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
This
report
summarizes
the
existing
literature
on
use
of
technology
for
assessment
freezing
gait
(FOG)
as
well
to
provide
insights
into
mechanisms
FOG
in
people
with
Parkinson's
disease.
Specifically,
this
work
was
carried
out
3rd
International
Workshop
Freezing
Gait
Jerusalem
2025.
review
focuses
most
used
technologies
quantitatively
assess
a
laboratory
environment
and
describes
that
hold
promise
assessing
daily
life.
Examples
implementation
machine
learning
algorithms
are
provided
algorithmic
biases.
Lastly,
standardized
using
inertial
measurement
units
during
clinical
protocol
is
proposed
5-year
outlook
discussed.
We
anticipate
will
help
move
field
forward
coming
years.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 3, 2022
Neurological
disorders
represent
one
of
the
leading
causes
disability
and
mortality
in
world.
Parkinson's
Disease
(PD),
for
example,
affecting
millions
people
worldwide
is
often
manifested
as
impaired
posture
gait.
These
impairments
have
been
used
a
clinical
sign
early
detection
PD,
well
an
objective
index
pervasive
monitoring
PD
patients
daily
life.
This
review
presents
evidence
that
demonstrates
relationship
between
human
gait
illustrates
role
different
analysis
systems
based
on
vision
or
wearable
sensors.
It
also
provides
comprehensive
overview
available
automatic
recognition
management
PD.
The
intervening
measures
improving
performance
are
summarized,
which
smart
devices
intervention
emphasized.
Finally,
this
highlights
some
new
opportunities
detecting,
monitoring,
treating
gait,
could
facilitate
development
gait-based
biomarkers
personalized
support
treatment
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
19(24), P. 5468 - 5468
Published: Dec. 11, 2019
Progressive
gait
dysfunction
is
one
of
the
primary
motor
symptoms
in
people
with
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
It
generally
expressed
as
reduced
step
length
and
speed
increased
variability
time
length.
People
PD
also
exhibit
stooped
posture
which
disrupts
impedes
social
interaction.
The
impairments
are
usually
resistant
to
pharmacological
treatment,
worsen
progresses,
increase
likelihood
falls,
result
higher
rates
hospitalization
mortality.
These
may
be
caused
by
perceptual
deficiencies
(poor
spatial
awareness
loss
temporal
rhythmicity)
due
disruptions
processing
intrinsic
information
related
movement
initiation
execution
can
misperceptions
actual
effort
required
perform
a
desired
maintain
stable
posture.
Consequently,
often
depend
on
external
cues
during
tasks.
Numerous
studies
involving
open-loop
have
shown
improvements
freezing
(FoG)
PD.
However,
benefits
cueing
limited,
since
provided
consistent/rhythmic
manner
irrespective
how
well
person
follows
them.
This
limitation
addressed
providing
feedback
real-time
user
about
performance
(closed-loop
cueing)
help
improve
patterns.
Some
that
used
closed-loop
observed
PD,
but
treadmill-based
setup
laboratory
would
not
accessible
outside
research
setting,
skills
learned
readily
completely
transfer
overground
locomotion
community.
Technologies
suitable
for
environments
could
facilitate
practice
daily
activities
at
home
or
community
strongly
reinforce
patterns
clinical
outcomes.
narrative
review
presents
an
overview
paradigms
been
utilized
recommends
development
wearable
systems
PM&R,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 1140 - 1156
Published: Jan. 29, 2020
Introduction
Freezing
of
gait
(FOG)
is
a
major
cause
falls
and
disability
in
Parkinson
disease
(PD).
As
FOG
only
partially
improves
response
to
dopaminergic
medication,
physical
therapy
an
important
element
its
management.
Objective
To
assess
the
evidence
for
interventions
impairments
establish
recommendations
clinical
practice.
Literature
Survey
This
review
follows
guidelines
systematic
reviews:
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta‐Analyses
(PRISMA).
search
PubMed,
Embase,
Physiotherapy
Evidence
Databases,
CINAHL
randomized
controlled
trials
PT
PD
patients
until
April
2018.
Synthesis
Twenty
(RCTs)
were
reviewed.
In
12
RCTs,
was
assessed,
which
primary
outcome
measure
nine
these
RCTs.
eight
impairment
(not
targeting
specifically
FOG)
assessed.
The
following
reduce
with
good
category
A
recommendation:
cueing
strategies
(
P
<
.05)
(visual
auditory);
treadmill
walking
.05);
aquatic
obstacle
training
.01);
supervised
slackline
.05).
These
can
be
combined
maintain
their
efficacy
when
being
applied
concurrently:
though
there
lack
long‐term
follow‐up
studies.
show
possible
benefit
need
further
investigations:
balance
coordination
training;
sensory
(tactile)
cues.
auditory
visual
cues
are
effective
also
other
disturbances
improve
kinematics.
Conclusions
Visual
(evidence
level
A‐
according
European
Federation
Neurological
Societies).
Tactile
specific
therapies
probably
but
Annals of Neurology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
91(3), P. 329 - 341
Published: Jan. 24, 2022
Objective
Gait
impairment
in
persons
with
Parkinson
disease
is
common
and
debilitating.
Compensation
strategies
(eg,
external
cues)
are
an
essential
part
of
rehabilitation,
but
their
underlying
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Using
electroencephalography
(EEG),
we
explored
the
cortical
correlates
3
categories
strategies:
cueing,
internal
action
observation.
Methods
Eighteen
participants
gait
were
included.
We
recorded
126‐channel
EEG
during
both
stance
on
a
treadmill
under
4
conditions:
(1)
uncued,
(2)
cueing
(listening
to
metronome),
(3)
(silent
rhythmic
counting),
(4)
observation
(observing
another
person
walking).
To
control
for
effects
sensory
processing
cues,
computed
relative
power
changes
as
difference
spectral
density
between
walking
standing
each
condition.
Results
Relative
uncued
gait,
use
all
compensation
induced
decrease
beta
band
activity
sensorimotor
areas,
indicative
increased
activation.
Parieto‐occipital
alpha
decreased
Only
change
frontal
activation,
showing
compared
gait.
Interpretation
The
application
resulted
changed
which
could
not
be
solely
attributed
modality.
Our
findings
suggest
there
multiple
routes
different
seem
rely
achieve
enhanced
central
motor
activation
disease.
ANN
NEUROL
2022;91:329–341
