Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Immune Dysregulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies DOI Creative Commons
John Dawi,

Kevin Tumanyan,

K Tomas

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1076 - 1076

Published: April 29, 2025

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most common and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 15–25% patients contributing to over 85% non-traumatic amputations. DFUs impose a substantial clinical economic burden due high recurrence rates, prolonged wound care, frequent hospitalizations, accounting for billions in healthcare costs worldwide. The multifactorial pathophysiology involves peripheral neuropathy, arterial disease, chronic inflammation, impaired tissue regeneration. Recent studies underscore importance immune dysregulation—specifically macrophage polarization imbalance, regulatory T cell dysfunction, neutrophil impairment—as central mechanisms chronicity. These disruptions sustain pro-inflammatory environment dominated by cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, which impair angiogenesis delay repair. This review provides an updated synthesis DFU pathogenesis, emphasizing dysfunction its therapeutic implications. We examine emerging strategies immunomodulation, regenerative medicine, AI-based technologies, including SGLT2 inhibitors, biologics, stem therapies, smart dressing systems. approaches hold promise accelerating healing, reducing amputation risk, personalizing future care.

Language: Английский

Dimethyl Itaconate: an Effective Antioxidant for Promoting Angiogenesis under Oxidative Stress DOI
Suzhen Liu, Yicong Liu,

Zongjia Li

et al.

Talanta, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 128024 - 128024

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
L-Arginine and Immune Modulation: A Pharmacological Perspective on Inflammation and Autoimmune Disorders DOI
Igbayilola Yusuff Dimeji,

Kasim Sakran Abass,

Ngabea Murtala Audu

et al.

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 177615 - 177615

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Antibacterial, Angiogenic and Irritation Evaluation of Mupirocin-loaded silk fibroin hydrogel DOI
Tanapong Watchararot,

Nopparuj Soomherun,

Jirasak Jitpibull

et al.

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106910 - 106910

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Immune Dysregulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies DOI Creative Commons
John Dawi,

Kevin Tumanyan,

K Tomas

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1076 - 1076

Published: April 29, 2025

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most common and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 15–25% patients contributing to over 85% non-traumatic amputations. DFUs impose a substantial clinical economic burden due high recurrence rates, prolonged wound care, frequent hospitalizations, accounting for billions in healthcare costs worldwide. The multifactorial pathophysiology involves peripheral neuropathy, arterial disease, chronic inflammation, impaired tissue regeneration. Recent studies underscore importance immune dysregulation—specifically macrophage polarization imbalance, regulatory T cell dysfunction, neutrophil impairment—as central mechanisms chronicity. These disruptions sustain pro-inflammatory environment dominated by cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, which impair angiogenesis delay repair. This review provides an updated synthesis DFU pathogenesis, emphasizing dysfunction its therapeutic implications. We examine emerging strategies immunomodulation, regenerative medicine, AI-based technologies, including SGLT2 inhibitors, biologics, stem therapies, smart dressing systems. approaches hold promise accelerating healing, reducing amputation risk, personalizing future care.

Language: Английский

Citations

0