Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading Fluency: Implications for Understanding and Treatment of Reading Disabilities

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 427 - 452

Published: March 2, 2011

Fluent reading depends on a complex set of cognitive processes that must work together in perfect concert. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks provide insight into this system, acting as microcosm the involved reading. In review, we examine both RAN and fluency how each has shaped our understanding disabilities. We explore research led to current relationships between what makes unique measure. automaticity supports affects across development, abilities, languages, biological bases these processes. Finally, bring converging areas knowledge by examining collective studies contribute goals creating optimal assessments interventions help every child become fluent, comprehending reader.

Language: Английский

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Critical Periods in Speech Perception: New Directions

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 173 - 196

Published: Sept. 24, 2014

A continuing debate in language acquisition research is whether there are critical periods (CPs) development during which the system most responsive to environmental input. Recent advances neurobiology provide a mechanistic explanation of CPs, with balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes establishing onset molecular brakes offset windows plasticity. In this article, we review literature on human speech perception within context CP model, highlighting that reveals interplay maturational experiential influences at key junctures presenting paradigmatic examples testing models subjects. We conclude discussion how understanding changes nature debate: The question no longer is, "Are CPs?" but rather what open them, keep them open, close allow be reopened.

Language: Английский

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Statistical analysis of fNIRS data: A comprehensive review

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 72 - 91

Published: June 15, 2013

Language: Английский

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A NIRS–fMRI investigation of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 158 - 173

Published: June 21, 2013

Language: Английский

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Perceptual narrowing during infancy: A comparison of language and faces

Developmental Psychobiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 56(2), P. 154 - 178

Published: Nov. 8, 2013

Abstract In this article, we begin with a summary of the evidence for perceptual narrowing various aspects language (e.g., vowel and consonant contrasts, tone languages, visual language, sign language) faces own species, race). We then consider possible reasons apparent differences in timing apparently earlier race than species). Throughout whether fits model maintenance/loss or is better characterized as enhancement/attunement to exposed categories. Finally, on malleability its implications role endogenous factors versus learning controlling when occurs. Overall, comparison across domains revealed many similarities but also striking which lead suggestions future research . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Dev Psychobiol 56: 154–178, 2014.

Language: Английский

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A brief review on the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for language imaging studies in human newborns and adults

Brain and Language, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 121(2), P. 79 - 89

Published: April 21, 2011

Language: Английский

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fNIRS in the developmental sciences

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 263 - 283

Published: Feb. 23, 2015

Abstract With the introduction of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy ( fNIRS ) into experimental setting, developmental scientists have, for first time, capacity to investigate activation infant brain in awake, engaged participants. The advantages clearly outweigh limitations, and a description how this technology is implemented populations provided. Most research falls one three content domains: object processing, processing biologically socially relevant information, language development. Within these domains, there are ongoing debates about origins development human knowledge, making early neuroimaging particularly advantageous. use has allowed investigators begin identify localization object, social, linguistic knowledge immature ways which changes with time experience. In addition, small but growing body that provides insight neural mechanisms support facilitate learning during year life. At same as any emerging field, limitations conclusions can be drawn on basis current findings. We offer suggestions optimize answer questions theoretical practical importance scientists. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:263–283. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1343 This article categorized under: Psychology > Development Aging Neuroscience Cognition

Language: Английский

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Language and the Newborn Brain: Does Prenatal Language Experience Shape the Neonate Neural Response to Speech?

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 1, 2011

Previous research has shown that by the time of birth, neonate brain responds specially to native language when compared acoustically similar non-language stimuli. In current study, we use near-infrared spectroscopy ask how prenatal experience might shape response in newborn infants. To do so, examine neural neonates listening familiar versus unfamiliar language, as well non Twenty monolingual English-exposed aged 0-3 days were tested. Each infant heard low-pass filtered sentences forward English (familiar language), Tagalog (unfamiliar and backward (non-language). During exposure, activation was measured across 12 channels on each hemisphere. Our results indicate a bilateral effect familiarity neonates' language. Differential seen listened language) other types We interpret these evidence with gained utero influences regions sensitive speech processing.

Language: Английский

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Reduced neural sensitivity to social stimuli in infants at risk for autism

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 280(1758), P. 20123026 - 20123026

Published: March 13, 2013

In the hope of discovering early markers autism, attention has recently turned to study infants at risk owing being younger siblings children with autism. Because condition is highly heritable, later-born diagnosed are substantially higher for developing autism or broader phenotype than general population. Currently, there no strong predictors in infancy and diagnosis not reliable until around 3 years age. indicators brain functioning may be sensitive predictors, atypical social interactions characteristic syndrome, we examined whether temporal lobe specialization processing visual auditory stimuli during differs risk. a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study, aged 4–6 months showed less selective neural responses (auditory visual) low-risk controls. These group differences could attributed overall levels attention, developmental stage chronological Our results provide first demonstration specific localizable function within 6 life Further, these closely resemble known patterns atypicality adults Future work will determine infant predict either later frequently seen unaffected family members.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral hemodynamics in newborn infants exposed to speech sounds: A whole‐head optical topography study

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 2092 - 2103

Published: June 28, 2011

Abstract Considerable knowledge on neural development related to speech perception has been obtained by functional imaging studies using near‐infrared spectroscopy (optical topography). In particular, a pioneering study showed stronger left‐dominant activation in the temporal lobe for (normal) forward (FW) than (reversed) backward (BW) neonates. However, it is unclear whether this FW equally observed any language or clearer mother tongue. We hypothesized that maternal elicits foreign newborns because of their prenatal and/or few‐day postnatal exposure language. To test hypothesis, we developed whole‐head optode cap 72‐channel optical topography and visualized spatiotemporal hemodynamics brains 17 Japanese when they were exposed BW (Japanese) (English). Statistical analysis all sound stimuli together induced significant bilateral regions frontal region. They also left temporal‐parietal region was significantly more active English FW, while no difference between shown English. This supports our hypothesis suggests few‐day‐old brain begins become attuned Together with finding equivalent adjacent measurement positions region, these findings further clarify organization neonatal brain. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2092–2103, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Language: Английский

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