GPT-4-based AI agents—the new expert system for detection of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms?

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

ABSTRACT The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommends two steps for detecting beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria. Screening potential extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase, or carbapenemase production is confirmed. We aimed to validate generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-4 and GPT-agent pre-classification of disk diffusion indicate beta-lactamases. assigned 225 isolates based phenotypic resistances against beta-lactam antibiotics additional tests one more resistance mechanisms as follows: “none,” “ESBL,” “AmpC,” “carbapenemase.” Next, we customized a with EUCAST guidelines breakpoint table (v13.1). compared routine diagnostics (reference) those (i) EUCAST-GPT-expert, (ii) microbiologists, (iii) non-customized GPT-4. determined sensitivities specificities flag suspect resistances. Three microbiologists showed concordance 814/862 (94.4%) categories were used median eight words (interquartile range [IQR] 4–11) reasoning. Median sensitivity/specificity ESBL, AmpC, 98%/99.1%, 96.8%/97.1%, 95.5%/98.5%, respectively. prompts EUCAST-GPT-expert 706/862 (81.9%) but 158 (IQR 140–174) Sensitivity/specificity prediction 95.4%/69.23%, 96.9%/86.3%, 100%/98.8%, Non-customized GPT-4 could interpret 169/862 (19.6%) categories, 137/169 (81.1%) agreed diagnostics. was 85 72–105) Microbiologists higher shorter argumentations GPT-agents. Humans GPT-agent’s unspecific flagging ESBL potentially results testing, diagnostic delays, costs. not approved by regulatory bodies, validation large language models needed. IMPORTANCE study titled "GPT-4-based AI agents—the new expert system detection antimicrobial mechanisms?" critically important it explores the integration advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, like (GPT)-4, into field laboratory medicine, specifically (AMR). With growing challenge AMR, there pressing need innovative solutions that can enhance accuracy efficiency. This research assesses capability support existing two-step confirmatory process recommended By speeding up improving precision initial screenings, reduce time appropriate treatment interventions. Furthermore, this vital validating reliability safety tools clinical settings, ensuring they meet stringent standards before be broadly implemented. herald significant shift how are performed, ultimately leading better patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Improving Workplace Well-being in Modern Organizations: A Review of Large Language Model-based Mental Health Chatbots

ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 1 - 26

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

The global rise in mental disorders, particularly workplaces, necessitated innovative and scalable solutions for delivering therapy. Large Language Model (LLM)-based health chatbots have rapidly emerged as a promising tool overcoming the time, cost, accessibility constraints often associated with traditional However, LLM-based are their nascency, significant opportunities to enhance capabilities operate within organizational contexts. To this end, research seeks examine role development of LLMs over past half-decade. Through our review, we identified 50 health-related chatbots, including 22 models targeting general health, depression, anxiety, stress, suicide ideation. These primarily used emotional support guidance but lack specifically designed workplace where such issues increasingly prevalent. review covers development, applications, evaluation, ethical concerns, integration services, LLM-as-a-Service, various other business implications settings. We provide illustration how approaches could overcome limitations also offer system that help facilitate systematic evaluation chatbots. suggestions future tailored needs.

Language: Английский

---

The utility of ChatGPT as a generative medical translator

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 281(11), P. 6161 - 6165

Published: May 5, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Platforms With Regard to Medical Microbiology Knowledge: An Analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 20, 2024

The performance of two artificial intelligence (AI) platforms, ChatGPT 3.5 (OpenAI, California, United States) and Gemini (Google AI, was assessed by answering 200 questions microbiology drawn from validated sources. were selected topics such as General Microbiology, Immunology, Microbiology Applied to Infectious Diseases. study conducted December 2023 March 2024, the responses different AI platforms compared with an answer key. Statistical analysis performed assess accuracy. had comparable accuracy correct response scores 71% 70.5%, respectively. Their varied across sections. better in a score section. study's findings highlight that can be utilized medical education. evolution continuous updating are required improve their performance.

Language: Английский

---

Internet-based Surveillance Systems and Infectious Diseases Prediction: An Updated Review of the Last 10 Years and Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 645 - 657

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Abstract The last decade has seen major advances and growth in internet-based surveillance for infectious diseases through advanced computational capacity, growing adoption of smart devices, increased availability Artificial Intelligence (AI), alongside environmental pressures including climate land use change contributing to threat spread pandemics emerging diseases. With the increasing burden COVID-19 pandemic, need developing novel technologies integrating data approaches improving disease is greater than ever. In this systematic review, we searched scientific literature research on or digital influenza, dengue fever from 2013 2023. We have provided an overview recent (EID), describing changes landscape, with recommendations future directed at public health policymakers, healthcare providers, government departments enhance traditional detecting, monitoring, reporting, responding dengue, COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---