Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
JAMA,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 7, 2025
Importance
Staphylococcus
aureus
,
a
gram-positive
bacterium,
is
the
leading
cause
of
death
from
bacteremia
worldwide,
with
case
fatality
rate
15%
to
30%
and
an
estimated
300
000
deaths
per
year.
Observations
causes
metastatic
infection
in
more
than
one-third
cases,
including
endocarditis
(≈12%),
septic
arthritis
(7%),
vertebral
osteomyelitis
(≈4%),
spinal
epidural
abscess,
psoas
splenic
pulmonary
emboli,
seeding
implantable
medical
devices.
Patients
S
commonly
present
fever
or
symptoms
infection,
such
as
pain
back,
joints,
abdomen
extremities,
and/or
change
mental
status.
Risk
factors
include
intravascular
devices
cardiac
dialysis
vascular
catheters,
recent
surgical
procedures,
injection
drug
use,
diabetes,
previous
infection.
detected
blood
cultures.
Prolonged
(≥48
hours)
associated
90-day
mortality
risk
39%.
All
patients
should
undergo
transthoracic
echocardiography;
transesophageal
echocardiography
be
performed
at
high
for
endocarditis,
those
persistent
bacteremia,
fever,
foci,
Other
imaging
modalities,
computed
tomography
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
based
on
localizing
signs
categorized
methicillin-susceptible
(MSSA)
methicillin-resistant
(MRSA)
susceptibility
β-lactam
antibiotics.
Initial
treatment
typically
includes
antibiotics
active
against
MRSA
vancomycin
daptomycin.
Once
antibiotic
results
are
available,
adjusted.
Cefazolin
antistaphylococcal
penicillins
used
MSSA
vancomycin,
daptomycin,
ceftobiprole
MRSA.
Phase
3
trials
demonstrated
noninferiority
daptomycin
standard
care
(treatment
success,
53/120
[44%]
vs
48/115
[42%])
132/189
[70%]
136/198
[69%]).
Source
control
critical
component
treating
may
removal
infected
implanted
devices,
drainage
abscesses,
debridement.
Conclusions
relevance
has
year
worldwide.
Empirical
which
susceptibilities
known,
treated
cefazolin
penicillin.
Additional
clinical
management
consists
identifying
sites
pursuing
source
identified
foci
Language: Английский
Clinical Subphenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Clinical Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
79(5), P. 1153 - 1161
Published: June 25, 2024
Staphylococcus
aureus
bacteremia
(SAB)
is
a
clinically
heterogeneous
disease.
The
ability
to
identify
subgroups
of
patients
with
shared
traits
(subphenotypes)
an
unmet
need
allow
patient
stratification
for
clinical
management
and
research.
We
aimed
test
the
hypothesis
that
relevant
subphenotypes
can
be
reproducibly
identified
among
SAB.
Language: Английский
Statistical documentation for multi-disease, multi-domain platform trials: our experience with the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform trial
Trials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Platform
trials
have
become
widely
adopted
across
multiple
disease
areas
over
recent
years,
however,
guidelines
for
operationalising
these
not
kept
pace.
We
outline
a
series
of
documents
that
summarise
the
statistical
components,
and
implicit
processes,
Staphylococcus
aureus
Network
Adaptive
(SNAP)
trial
to
provide
an
informal
template
other
researchers
reviewers
platform
trials.
briefly
content
role
core
protocol,
appendix,
domain-specific
appendices,
simulation
report,
implementation
guides,
data
safety
monitoring
committee
(DSMC)
reports,
analysis
plans
final
transparent
governance
structure
ensures
separate
blinded
unblinded
teams.
In
absence
or
checklists
documents,
we
hope
useful
guidance
others
in
terms
what
has
worked
so
far
SNAP
trial,
stimulate
discussion,
inform
future
consensus.
Trial
registration
NCT05137119
.
Registered
on
30
November
2021.
Language: Английский
The virulence toolkit of Staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review of toxin diversity, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 5, 2025
Abstract
Purpose
This
review
examines
the
pathogenic
mechanisms
of
Staphylococcus
aureus
,
emphasizing
its
toxin-driven
virulence
factors,
including
pore-forming
toxins,
exfoliative
and
superantigens.
Methods
paper
was
conducted
using
available
literature
(PubMed/MEDLINE/Google
Scholar
books
written
by
experts
in
pharmacology
infectious
diseases).
Results
Toxins
are
crucial
promoting
tissue
invasion,
immune
system
evasion,
development
systemic
diseases.
Notably,
qualitative
quantitative
expression
these
toxins
influences
clinical
presentation
severity
S.
infections.
The
explores
toxins’
role
pathogenesis
manifestations
as
well
current
emerging
therapeutic
strategies
aimed
at
targeting
antibiotics,
monoclonal
antibodies,
anti-inflammatory
treatments.
Additionally,
it
highlights
potential
novel
inhibitors
vaccines
to
neutralize
specific
prevent
toxin-mediated
Conclusion
By
combining
antimicrobial
therapies
with
approaches
that
modulate
response,
clinicians
can
improve
outcomes
patients
affected
Language: Английский
The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(12), P. 6486 - 6486
Published: June 12, 2024
Staphylococcus
aureus
bacteremia
continues
to
be
associated
with
significant
morbidity
and
mortality,
despite
improvements
in
diagnostics
management.
Persistent
infections
pose
a
major
challenge
clinicians
have
been
consistently
shown
increase
the
risk
of
mortality
other
infectious
complications.
S.
aureus,
while
typically
not
considered
an
intracellular
pathogen,
has
proven
utilize
niche,
through
several
phenotypes
including
small
colony
variants,
as
means
for
survival
that
linked
chronic,
persistent,
recurrent
infections.
This
persistence
allows
protection
from
host
immune
system
leads
reduced
antibiotic
efficacy
variety
mechanisms.
These
include
antimicrobial
resistance,
tolerance,
and/or
contribute
persistent
bacteremia.
review
will
discuss
challenges
treating
these
complicated
various
methods
uses
persist
within
space.
Language: Английский
Optimising detection of thrombosis in paediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: A prospective interventional sub-study protocol
Infectious Diseases Now,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
55(1), P. 105010 - 105010
Published: Nov. 13, 2024
Staphylococcus
aureus
bacteraemia
(SAB)
is
the
most
common
cause
of
sepsis,
contributing
to
paediatric
intensive
care
unit
admission
in
Australia
and
New
Zealand.
While
deep
venous
thrombosis
(DVT)
has
been
reported
children
with
invasive
S.
infections,
actual
frequency
possible
effects
on
disease
severity
outcome
SAB
remain
unknown.
Moreover,
guidance
regarding
imaging
for
management
are
poorly
defined.
Language: Английский